BOT system for the implementation of strategic projects
17/7/2018 12:00 am
Mohammed Turki Al-Qaisi
Build - Operate - Transfer / BOT (Build - Operate - Transfer / BOT) is a state - owned transfer of state - of - the - art systems for the implementation of mega projects such as the construction of airports, power plants, roads and bridges. A certain privilege (30 or 40 years) through which the cost is borne by the company in addition to the profits. At the end of the concession period, the company returns the assets of the project to the state and is in good condition to continue to operate without charge.
The BOT system is an appropriate means of financing projects away from the state budget so that the investor bears the financial burdens and risks from the state, especially those countries that suffer from budget deficit to establish projects that need large sums.
The BOT system provides many advantages, including the use of technical expertise in the management and operation of projects, especially with regard to the transfer of technology and the training of workers in the latest administrative means, leading to the development and improvement of the public sector.
It also works to enhance the productive efficiency in the operation of projects using the latest means in addition to contributing to the improvement of transport services and extend the life of the facilities through permanent maintenance with the recognition of the advantages of the donor countries for excellence does not mean the absence of defects surrounding the operation of this system, Investors in estimating the investment costs of the projects and the objective of imposing high prices on the users of projects after completion. The operation of some projects may result in damage to environmental conditions and require Governments to develop environmental balance requirements. Some investors resort to outdated equipment or technology, which may not provide the necessary technical aspects. Some investors may also neglect to maintain projects as the concession period approaches.
The BOT system passes through four basic stages. The first stage is the stage of obtaining the license or concession through an agreement between the State and the investor. The construction and construction stage is followed by a contract between the investor and one of the contracting companies, then the stage of project management and operation. The last stage of transfer of ownership to the State after the end of the concession period.
The loans are granted only after checking the borrower's ability to borrow and enter the project, ownership of the land of the project, the possibility of transferring profits and stability of the exchange rate, the economic feasibility of the project, collateral and insurance in kind. Does the government guarantee payment directly or indirectly? Can the borrower, if the borrower fails to implement, manage the project as its manager? How can risk be distributed during different implementation stages? How can financial risks (low yield, exchange rate instability, forced pricing) be addressed How can political risks be reduced (nationalization, withdrawal of privilege, confiscation).
The concessionaire may not issue any restrictive legislation to the concessionaire, the concession may not be terminated or canceled by the Government alone, and it has the right to collect fees On the use of the project and its use to cover costs.
As for the obligations imposed on the investor, the construction of the project and its operation in accordance with agreed specifications and compliance with the conditions related to security and public morals and the preservation of the environment and the return of the project to the state without payment after the end of the concession period.
In the event of a dispute between the parties with respect to the execution of the contract or with regard to rights and obligations, the date of delivery, etc., it is usually agreed not to resort to judicial bodies, both domestically and internationally. There are many risks and difficulties facing BOT projects such as the political risks of expropriation, nationalization, wars and ethnic unrest. In terms of economic risks, they are the damage caused to the investor by legislation or government decisions such as the risk of non-payment for the use of project services Or the risk of allowing similar projects to be established before the end of the concession period, and the risk of the government's failure to complete the contract, cancel the concession or change its terms.
To address these risks, there was a need for guarantees provided by the Governments of donor countries through multi-system mechanisms for investment and credit guarantees, export guarantees and insurance companies
Special. Al Qabas Economic Group
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
17/7/2018 12:00 am
Mohammed Turki Al-Qaisi
Build - Operate - Transfer / BOT (Build - Operate - Transfer / BOT) is a state - owned transfer of state - of - the - art systems for the implementation of mega projects such as the construction of airports, power plants, roads and bridges. A certain privilege (30 or 40 years) through which the cost is borne by the company in addition to the profits. At the end of the concession period, the company returns the assets of the project to the state and is in good condition to continue to operate without charge.
The BOT system is an appropriate means of financing projects away from the state budget so that the investor bears the financial burdens and risks from the state, especially those countries that suffer from budget deficit to establish projects that need large sums.
The BOT system provides many advantages, including the use of technical expertise in the management and operation of projects, especially with regard to the transfer of technology and the training of workers in the latest administrative means, leading to the development and improvement of the public sector.
It also works to enhance the productive efficiency in the operation of projects using the latest means in addition to contributing to the improvement of transport services and extend the life of the facilities through permanent maintenance with the recognition of the advantages of the donor countries for excellence does not mean the absence of defects surrounding the operation of this system, Investors in estimating the investment costs of the projects and the objective of imposing high prices on the users of projects after completion. The operation of some projects may result in damage to environmental conditions and require Governments to develop environmental balance requirements. Some investors resort to outdated equipment or technology, which may not provide the necessary technical aspects. Some investors may also neglect to maintain projects as the concession period approaches.
The BOT system passes through four basic stages. The first stage is the stage of obtaining the license or concession through an agreement between the State and the investor. The construction and construction stage is followed by a contract between the investor and one of the contracting companies, then the stage of project management and operation. The last stage of transfer of ownership to the State after the end of the concession period.
The loans are granted only after checking the borrower's ability to borrow and enter the project, ownership of the land of the project, the possibility of transferring profits and stability of the exchange rate, the economic feasibility of the project, collateral and insurance in kind. Does the government guarantee payment directly or indirectly? Can the borrower, if the borrower fails to implement, manage the project as its manager? How can risk be distributed during different implementation stages? How can financial risks (low yield, exchange rate instability, forced pricing) be addressed How can political risks be reduced (nationalization, withdrawal of privilege, confiscation).
The concessionaire may not issue any restrictive legislation to the concessionaire, the concession may not be terminated or canceled by the Government alone, and it has the right to collect fees On the use of the project and its use to cover costs.
As for the obligations imposed on the investor, the construction of the project and its operation in accordance with agreed specifications and compliance with the conditions related to security and public morals and the preservation of the environment and the return of the project to the state without payment after the end of the concession period.
In the event of a dispute between the parties with respect to the execution of the contract or with regard to rights and obligations, the date of delivery, etc., it is usually agreed not to resort to judicial bodies, both domestically and internationally. There are many risks and difficulties facing BOT projects such as the political risks of expropriation, nationalization, wars and ethnic unrest. In terms of economic risks, they are the damage caused to the investor by legislation or government decisions such as the risk of non-payment for the use of project services Or the risk of allowing similar projects to be established before the end of the concession period, and the risk of the government's failure to complete the contract, cancel the concession or change its terms.
To address these risks, there was a need for guarantees provided by the Governments of donor countries through multi-system mechanisms for investment and credit guarantees, export guarantees and insurance companies
Special. Al Qabas Economic Group
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
Today at 7:52 am by Rocky
» utube 3/28/24 MM&C Iraqi Dinar - IQD Update - SWIFT - Purchasing Power - Urban Renaissance - Releas
Today at 7:51 am by Rocky
» Al-Mandalawi: Iraq is witnessing competition between major companies...and the House of Representati
Today at 7:49 am by Rocky
» The President of the Republic stresses the importance of the role of programmers in developing the w
Today at 7:46 am by Rocky
» The Minister of Industry and Minerals follows up on the technical and production performance of the
Today at 7:45 am by Rocky
» The Minister of Finance is following up on the field the progress of the newly implemented ASYCUDA s
Today at 7:44 am by Rocky
» Statistics: There are more than 15 million bank accounts in Iraq
Today at 7:42 am by Rocky
» Representative: One paragraph hinders the passage of a general amnesty within the House of Represent
Today at 7:37 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Finance: “The draft federal budget law will be devoid of new job grades.”
Today at 7:36 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary action to resolve the fate of “food security contracts” in 15 governorates
Today at 7:35 am by Rocky
» 300 factories turned into "iron scrap" in Diyala
Today at 7:34 am by Rocky
» A deputy expects the dollar exchange rate to reach 140 Iraqi dinars
Today at 7:32 am by Rocky
» Al-Yasiri: The American administration is working hard to destroy the Iraqi economy
Today at 7:31 am by Rocky
» Infographic: The highest annual salaries of leaders of Arab countries
Today at 7:30 am by Rocky
» Communications announces that the electronic signature project has reached advanced stages
Today at 7:29 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Integrity presents a file related to Kuwaiti violations of Iraqi oil
Today at 7:27 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary move to include amendments to Parliament’s internal regulations on the agenda (documen
Today at 7:25 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi President urges the Minister of Finance to expedite the payment of salaries to the Kurdist
Today at 7:23 am by Rocky
» Central Bank of Iraq sales exceeded $251 million at today’s auction
Today at 7:21 am by Rocky
» The Foreign Minister questions the "Iraqi resistance" attacks against Israel: the other side did not
Today at 7:20 am by Rocky
» The Minister of Labor announces progress in the electronic payment system
Today at 7:17 am by Rocky
» Interior Ministry: For the first time, we controlled the smuggling of petroleum derivatives by 98 pe
Today at 7:16 am by Rocky
» International companies offer offers to invest in the Dhi Qar marshes.. What distinguishes them?
Today at 7:15 am by Rocky
» “Tough” comments on interest rates raise the dollar globally
Today at 7:14 am by Rocky
» Iraq is the fifth largest oil supplier to South Korea in a month
Today at 7:12 am by Rocky
» Recovering more than 100 billion as a result of more than 200,000 employees on social welfare
Today at 7:11 am by Rocky
» The Sudanese consultant announces the completion of Baghdad Metro track designs
Today at 7:08 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani stresses ending the problem of triple-shift schools
Today at 7:07 am by Rocky
» Iraq begins building two new tankers to transport petroleum products
Today at 7:06 am by Rocky
» Forming a council for “competition and preventing monopoly”
Today at 7:04 am by Rocky
» Features of an Iraqi-Turkish agreement regarding the status of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party
Today at 7:02 am by Rocky
» {Al-Buzrajiya} between the hammer of fraud and the power of the owners
Today at 7:01 am by Rocky
» Ministry of Oil: The gas sector is witnessing great development
Today at 6:59 am by Rocky
» An agreement with Britain in the field of securities
Today at 6:58 am by Rocky
» Discussions between Baghdad and Ankara to open a new port
Today at 6:57 am by Rocky
» Trade: About 11 million citizens updated their new card information
Today at 6:56 am by Rocky
» Electronic payment is sustainable growth
Today at 6:55 am by Rocky
» Experts: Iraq qualifies to be an important tourist country
Today at 6:54 am by Rocky
» Amending the Health Professions Law “robs” scientists of the central appointment 3 years after it wa
Today at 5:20 am by Rocky
» Is the “blessings package” that Erbil paid to the citizens of Kurdistan related to the elections?
Today at 5:19 am by Rocky
» Exceeded 5,000 projects.. Allocating 10 trillion dinars to support governorate reconstruction plans
Today at 5:18 am by Rocky
» “His need no longer exists.” Parliamentary Finance confirms the necessity of returning the retiremen
Today at 5:17 am by Rocky
» To communicate with the bases... 12 directives from Al-Sadr, including blocking numbers for non-gove
Today at 5:15 am by Rocky
» In an interview with "Baghdad Today"... an Iranian researcher reveals the importance of Haniyeh's vi
Today at 5:14 am by Rocky
» After it was 63 trillion in 2023... the 2024 budget deficit will rise to 80 trillion dinars
Today at 5:13 am by Rocky
» Parliament reveals the date of the first evaluation of the governors and determines the party respon
Today at 5:11 am by Rocky
» The President of the Republic informs Al-Araji and Al-Basri: Momentum must be mobilized to eliminate
Today at 5:10 am by Rocky
» Can the Federal Court sue others? A legal clarification of its response mechanism to abuse
Today at 5:09 am by Rocky
» Despite promises to soon stop burning gas.. What is the secret behind Iraq renewing the Iranian gas
Today at 5:07 am by Rocky
» Advisor to Al-Sudani: The dollar is on the way to further decline, and 70% of Iraqi traders have ent
Today at 5:06 am by Rocky
» Iraq exported more than 99 million barrels of oil last February
Today at 5:04 am by Rocky
» Barzani “gives good news” to Kurdistan employees: salaries, land, and loan exemptions
Today at 5:03 am by Rocky
» Alia Nassif: Nour Zuhair returned to the port of Umm Qasr to make deals.. An influential Shiite forc
Today at 5:02 am by Rocky
» The Prime Minister announces the movement of nearly 500 stalled projects
Today at 5:00 am by Rocky
» A government strategy to enhance investments.. Iraq is on the verge of a new era of economic develop
Today at 4:59 am by Rocky
» Ranging between 20% and 50%.. The Kurdistan government decides to reduce service fees, customs dutie
Today at 4:58 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani: The reform approach in the security services is an integral part of reform in other secto
Today at 4:56 am by Rocky
» Everyone in Iraq wants the Sudanese visit to Washington to be successful, even the factions!
Today at 4:55 am by Rocky
» Sources and experts expect the agenda.. in his bag is the Baghdad dollar and the factions’ truce, bu
Today at 4:54 am by Rocky
» The decision to raise gasoline prices arouses the ire of drivers...a reminder of the large demonstra
Today at 4:53 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary services: 3 important hospitals in Baghdad will enter service at the end of the year
Today at 4:52 am by Rocky
» Iraq signs a contract to supply Iranian gas for a period of five years
Today at 4:50 am by Rocky
» Parliament adds a voting paragraph on amending the Penal Code to its agenda
Today at 4:49 am by Rocky
» His political advisor: We are not afraid of Sudanese entering the elections alone
Today at 4:48 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary services explain the reasons for the rise in real estate prices in Baghdad
Today at 4:46 am by Rocky
» Attia, criticizing the government's decisions: "The citizen's feathers will be ruffled without servi
Today at 4:45 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Communications: Zain Iraq and Asiacell did not pay their debts
Today at 4:44 am by Rocky
» The Governor of Karbala announces the imminent establishment of the largest industrial city in the c
Today at 4:43 am by Rocky
» A government determination to end the issue of displaced persons in the middle of this year
Today at 4:42 am by Rocky
» Iraq buys gas from Kurdistan to generate electricity
Today at 4:41 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary signatures to include an amendment to the internal regulations to decide the choice of
Today at 4:40 am by Rocky
» In Basra.. a demonstration against foreign workers in Iraqi companies (video)
Today at 4:38 am by Rocky
» Al-Samarrai: Presidency of Parliament is an entitlement to the constituents, and calling it a “frame
Today at 4:36 am by Rocky
» Electronic food supplies in 6 governorates... covering 11 million Iraqis and “writing off” about 700
Today at 4:34 am by Rocky
» Corruption of the Ministry of Transport.. Representatives express their surprise at the minister’s s
Today at 4:32 am by Rocky
» The biggest supporter of the invasion of Iraq.. The death of former US Senator Joe Lieberman
Today at 4:31 am by Rocky
» Iraq is ranked “late.” A list of the most and least safe Arab countries for women
Today at 4:30 am by Rocky
» The Council of Ministers exempts the Gulf Interconnection Authority from guarantee fees: it is a gov
Yesterday at 7:48 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi government raises the size of the 2024 budget, and Parliament is “surprised”
Yesterday at 7:46 am by Rocky
» Popular Movement: We have many economic options away from American hegemony
Yesterday at 7:42 am by Rocky
» The Oil Parliament stresses the need to transfer part of the revenues to the producing governorates
Yesterday at 7:41 am by Rocky
» It will cover 14 regions in eastern Iraq.. A deputy reveals the “border electricity” project
Yesterday at 7:40 am by Rocky
» Experts Warn Mass Migration Threatens US Food Security
Yesterday at 7:37 am by Bama Diva
» Al-Fateh: America occupies Iraq through agreements
Yesterday at 7:37 am by Rocky
» Anger in Iraq over a "sudden decision"... and a reminder of a "general strike" that paralyzed the co
Yesterday at 7:34 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Committee: Parliament is discussing today a decision that “disturbed” the Iraqis
Yesterday at 7:33 am by Rocky
» Ministry of Electricity: Our production will reach 27 thousand megawatts by May
Yesterday at 7:31 am by Rocky
» Diagnosing the “most important” problems in the oil file between Baghdad and Erbil.. What is the rel
Yesterday at 7:30 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi Fiqh Academy and the Sunni Endowment issue a fatwa to pay Zakat al-Fitr
Yesterday at 7:28 am by Rocky
» The National Bank of Iraq continues its digital transformation by launching its new banking system a
Yesterday at 7:26 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Investment and the Central Bank are discussing the housing initiative
Yesterday at 7:25 am by Rocky
» The Prime Minister announces the restart of 500 suspended projects
Yesterday at 7:23 am by Rocky
» Al-Barti assesses the region's employees: Your salaries are insured and will be paid after resettlem
Yesterday at 7:21 am by Rocky
» Iraqi-American discussions in anticipation of the Sudanese visit
Yesterday at 7:20 am by Rocky
» Iraq and Turkey hold meetings in Ankara to discuss technical issues related to the development road
Yesterday at 7:17 am by Rocky
» A government parliamentary agreement to support budget revenues and governorate allocations for inve
Yesterday at 7:16 am by Rocky
» Oil: The gas sector is witnessing great development
Yesterday at 7:15 am by Rocky
» A Kurdish-French agreement to develop trade and economic relations
Yesterday at 7:13 am by Rocky
» Exchange companies in Mosul demand that they be entered into the currency selling window
Yesterday at 7:12 am by Rocky