The Dinar, and the Conundrum over the Dollar and Iran
0 comments
Estimated reading time: 10 minutes
by Ahmed Tabaqchali
A pile of Iraqi dinars, 2015. Source: Marion VA Medical Center, Flickr.
A report in a major US publication that the US Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York banned 14 Iraqi banks from conducting cross-border dollar transfers rekindled misconceptions, and conspiracy theories that the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI)’s ‘Foreign Currency Selling Window’ is facilitating the siphoning of dollars to Iran, money laundering, and currency smuggling.
In almost a replay of the dollar supply-demand mismatch following the introduction of the CBI’s enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements for cross-border dollar transfers in November 2022, the parallel market premium (delta henceforth) over the official exchange rate of the US dollar ($, dollar henceforth) versus the Iraqi dinar (IQD, dinar henceforth), widened from the 13 percent at which it had stabilised in recent weeks (Figure 1). Unlike then, dollar sales at the ‘Foreign Currency Selling Window’, better known as the ‘Dollar Auction’ (auction henceforth), did not drop meaningfully, indicating somewhat different dollar supply-demand dynamics at play. This was mainly because the 14 banks that were banned from the auction by the CBI on July 20th, following audits of their cross-border transfers in 2022 (pre-November), have played only a limited role in the auction since then.
Figure 1: Volumes in the Auction and Dollar/Dinar Exchange Rate
Data sources: The CBI for auction data, official exchange rate, parallel market rate the CBI until 7 February, Central Statistical Office data as of 8 February-30 June, Besh Dollar App from 1 July. All data as of 10 August.
The dollar supply-demand mismatch and the increase in the delta, were technically caused by the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements and the CBI’s banning from the auction of four banks in November and the 14 banks in July. But, are fundamentally a consequence of the structural imbalances in the economy necessiating the auction’s role as a supplier of dollars for the payment of the private sector’s imports, and the issues that arise from the nature of a largely informal economy whose consumption of goods and services is mostly met by imports. These are addressed in an upcoming research paper entitled ‘A Fistful of Dinars: Demystifying Cross-Border Transfers, Imports, and the Dollar Auction’.
This article, in a similar vein, addresses the payments for Iraq’s private sector’s –people, merchants, and businesses– imports of goods and services from Iran, in which the goods component averaged 16 percent of Iraq’s total imports of goods in 2012–21. The controversy over the supposed ‘siphoning of dollars’ to Iran doesn’t factor-in the payments of these imports, which hinders both informed debate and evidence-based policy making. To boot, the private sector’s imports and payments are often mixed and confused with Iraq’s official imports, and payments for gas and electricity.
Private Sector’s Imports of Goods and Services from Iran
Iraq’s private sector imports of goods from Iran consists of formal imports of goods (solid green bars, Figure 2), followed by informal imports of goods, that are neither reported nor measured, taking place either as smuggled goods or goods bought directly by Iraqi merchants in their travels to Iran (referred to locally as ‘suitcase merchants’ or “تجار الچنطة”) (dashed green bars, Figure 2). While Iraq’s private sector imports of services from Iran are mostly the spending by Iraqi tourists (solid red bars, Figure 2) who accounted for about 32 percent of total tourists to Iran in 2012–21. Other service imports are expenditures of Iraqis studying in Iran’s universities and in its religious seminaries, with reports of 75,000 Iraqi students in Iran’s universities in March 2023, and 60,000 in July 2022.
Figure 2: Iraq’s Imports of Goods and Services from Iran 2012–22
Data Sources: Tehran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture (TCCIM), UN’s World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). All data as of 30 July.
All travelling Iraqis are allowed to exchange a set amount of dinars into physical dollars at the official exchange rate through the auction, accessed at retail counters of banks and money exchange houses. However, some of these physical dollars find their way back to the domestic market. In late 2018, the CBI prohibited all commercial transactions with Iran in dollars, including the sale of physical dollars to Iraqis travelling to Iran. Subsequenly, Iraqi tourists and suitcase merchants would pay for their expenditures in other currencies such as the euro or dinar, or in physical dollars acquired domestically at the parallel market rate. Other informal imports would have settled their trade in cash too.
Iraqi private sector’s formal imports of goods from the Iranian private sector, cannot take place without making and receiving payments; as the Iran-Iraq Chamber of Commerce pointed out in early July; ‘The private sector has no problem getting its money from Iraq. Our debts from Iraq are mainly related to government institutions, gas and electricity debts’ The CBI’s 2018 prohibition on using dollars in all transactions with Iran, shifted most payments to the euro, dinar and rial and some were conducted as barter trades. Irrespective of the currency used, the dollar likely was the medium of currency conversion, and such payments were unlikely to have been made via the banking system given the isolation that Iranian banks operate under. Therefore, an alternative opaque payment structure would have been used, however, there are two ways in which this structure could be made more transparent. The first is through the statement by Iraq’s prime minister, his economic advisor, and the CBI’s officials, which shed light on some of the workings of wire-transfers in the auction, and which essentially imply: (1) most wire-transfers were based on false invoices between a sender and a recipeint of funds, made possible by complicit local banks, and therefore did not meet the new enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements; and (2) the high premium of the parallel market exchange over the official exchange rate (around 13 percent at the time) is due to the domestic demand for physical dollars to finance trade with Iran, which cannot meet the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements. The second way is the lightly regulated Hawala system, as used by private sector dealings with Iranian counterparts since sanctions increasingly isolated Iran’s banking system.
Under such a hypothetical payment structure, an importer would pay dinars (equivalent to dollars at the parallel market rate) to a Hawaladar (hawala broker) in Iraq, who would in turn instructs a Hawaladar counterparty outside Iraq (not necessarily in Iran) to pay the Iranian exporter in equivalent local currency. This is recorded as a debit and credit accounting entry between the Hawaladars, who would eventually settle this and other similar transactions, by transferring funds via the auction. This would be by creating a fictitious import-export invoice, followed by the Iraq based Hawaladar depositing dinars in a local bank, who in turn deposits them at the CBI. These are then proceesed as a dollar wire-transfer transaction in the auction exchanged at the official exchange rate. Subsequently, the dollars are deposited into the local bank’s account held at a bank outside Iraq, and further transferred to the counterparty Hawaladar in equivalent local currency or in dollars. Essentially, this transfer of dollars though the auction is between the Hawaladars, and not between the Iraqi exporter and Iranian importer who settled their transaction earlier.
Conundrums
The introduction of the new CBI measures in November effectively closed the door for such wire-transfers in the auction, and as a result, for some time physical dollars will likely be sought within Iraq to pay for the private sector’s imports from Iran, keeping the delta high. This is, however, not a viable solution, as the volumes of cash funded imports – due to the logistics of sourcing and transporting cash – would be much smaller than the hawaladar route funded exports, and would also be costly given the high delta. The high delat will simailry deter dollar cash transactions for Iraqi tourists and suitcase merchants, and same likely applies for the informal trade.
On the hand, the lopsided nature of Iraq’s trade balance with Iran – especially in goods with Iraq’s exports to Iran accounting for fraction of its imports from Iran (in 2022: Iraq exported about $0.2 billion to Iran, and imported about $9.9 billion) – means that Iraq cannot use the dinar or the rial to settle its trade with Iran as it staretd doing in yuan in settling is trade with China in late February. Consequenlty, a third currency is the only means of conducting cross-border trade in goods and services between the two.
The condunrum, is that Iraq’s infinitesimal traded goods and services sector, and thus its overwhelming dependence on oil exports implies that oil exports are its major source of a third cuurency. Implying that while these are traded in dollars, that dollars –directly or converted to other currencies– are the means wtih which Iraq settles its imports of goods and services from the outside world.
Final Thoughts
While sanctions continue to isolate Iran’s banking system from the rest of the world, and the high cost of the delat as well the CBI’s intensified measures agaisnt the absues in the parallel cash market, mean that Iraq’s imports of goods and services will either drop materially, or an alternative route is found.
A third route that might emerrge in time, is the adoption of a third currency other than the dollar to settle transactions. But that route is long and fraught with the conundrums of the need for both of Iraq and Iran to firstly have their own balanced trading relationship with the third’s currency’s trading partner; and secondly that these balanced trading relationships should generate enough surpluses to allow the two to use the third currency in their own transactions in goods and services.
Finally, as an unintended or an intended consequence, the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements and the CBI’s new requiremnts for banks to significantly increase their capital, has closed the rent-seeking opportunities for those who have access to the preferential exchange rate to the detriment of those who do not.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
0 comments
Estimated reading time: 10 minutes
by Ahmed Tabaqchali
A pile of Iraqi dinars, 2015. Source: Marion VA Medical Center, Flickr.
A report in a major US publication that the US Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York banned 14 Iraqi banks from conducting cross-border dollar transfers rekindled misconceptions, and conspiracy theories that the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI)’s ‘Foreign Currency Selling Window’ is facilitating the siphoning of dollars to Iran, money laundering, and currency smuggling.
In almost a replay of the dollar supply-demand mismatch following the introduction of the CBI’s enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements for cross-border dollar transfers in November 2022, the parallel market premium (delta henceforth) over the official exchange rate of the US dollar ($, dollar henceforth) versus the Iraqi dinar (IQD, dinar henceforth), widened from the 13 percent at which it had stabilised in recent weeks (Figure 1). Unlike then, dollar sales at the ‘Foreign Currency Selling Window’, better known as the ‘Dollar Auction’ (auction henceforth), did not drop meaningfully, indicating somewhat different dollar supply-demand dynamics at play. This was mainly because the 14 banks that were banned from the auction by the CBI on July 20th, following audits of their cross-border transfers in 2022 (pre-November), have played only a limited role in the auction since then.
Figure 1: Volumes in the Auction and Dollar/Dinar Exchange Rate
Data sources: The CBI for auction data, official exchange rate, parallel market rate the CBI until 7 February, Central Statistical Office data as of 8 February-30 June, Besh Dollar App from 1 July. All data as of 10 August.
The dollar supply-demand mismatch and the increase in the delta, were technically caused by the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements and the CBI’s banning from the auction of four banks in November and the 14 banks in July. But, are fundamentally a consequence of the structural imbalances in the economy necessiating the auction’s role as a supplier of dollars for the payment of the private sector’s imports, and the issues that arise from the nature of a largely informal economy whose consumption of goods and services is mostly met by imports. These are addressed in an upcoming research paper entitled ‘A Fistful of Dinars: Demystifying Cross-Border Transfers, Imports, and the Dollar Auction’.
This article, in a similar vein, addresses the payments for Iraq’s private sector’s –people, merchants, and businesses– imports of goods and services from Iran, in which the goods component averaged 16 percent of Iraq’s total imports of goods in 2012–21. The controversy over the supposed ‘siphoning of dollars’ to Iran doesn’t factor-in the payments of these imports, which hinders both informed debate and evidence-based policy making. To boot, the private sector’s imports and payments are often mixed and confused with Iraq’s official imports, and payments for gas and electricity.
Private Sector’s Imports of Goods and Services from Iran
Iraq’s private sector imports of goods from Iran consists of formal imports of goods (solid green bars, Figure 2), followed by informal imports of goods, that are neither reported nor measured, taking place either as smuggled goods or goods bought directly by Iraqi merchants in their travels to Iran (referred to locally as ‘suitcase merchants’ or “تجار الچنطة”) (dashed green bars, Figure 2). While Iraq’s private sector imports of services from Iran are mostly the spending by Iraqi tourists (solid red bars, Figure 2) who accounted for about 32 percent of total tourists to Iran in 2012–21. Other service imports are expenditures of Iraqis studying in Iran’s universities and in its religious seminaries, with reports of 75,000 Iraqi students in Iran’s universities in March 2023, and 60,000 in July 2022.
Figure 2: Iraq’s Imports of Goods and Services from Iran 2012–22
Data Sources: Tehran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture (TCCIM), UN’s World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). All data as of 30 July.
All travelling Iraqis are allowed to exchange a set amount of dinars into physical dollars at the official exchange rate through the auction, accessed at retail counters of banks and money exchange houses. However, some of these physical dollars find their way back to the domestic market. In late 2018, the CBI prohibited all commercial transactions with Iran in dollars, including the sale of physical dollars to Iraqis travelling to Iran. Subsequenly, Iraqi tourists and suitcase merchants would pay for their expenditures in other currencies such as the euro or dinar, or in physical dollars acquired domestically at the parallel market rate. Other informal imports would have settled their trade in cash too.
Iraqi private sector’s formal imports of goods from the Iranian private sector, cannot take place without making and receiving payments; as the Iran-Iraq Chamber of Commerce pointed out in early July; ‘The private sector has no problem getting its money from Iraq. Our debts from Iraq are mainly related to government institutions, gas and electricity debts’ The CBI’s 2018 prohibition on using dollars in all transactions with Iran, shifted most payments to the euro, dinar and rial and some were conducted as barter trades. Irrespective of the currency used, the dollar likely was the medium of currency conversion, and such payments were unlikely to have been made via the banking system given the isolation that Iranian banks operate under. Therefore, an alternative opaque payment structure would have been used, however, there are two ways in which this structure could be made more transparent. The first is through the statement by Iraq’s prime minister, his economic advisor, and the CBI’s officials, which shed light on some of the workings of wire-transfers in the auction, and which essentially imply: (1) most wire-transfers were based on false invoices between a sender and a recipeint of funds, made possible by complicit local banks, and therefore did not meet the new enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements; and (2) the high premium of the parallel market exchange over the official exchange rate (around 13 percent at the time) is due to the domestic demand for physical dollars to finance trade with Iran, which cannot meet the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements. The second way is the lightly regulated Hawala system, as used by private sector dealings with Iranian counterparts since sanctions increasingly isolated Iran’s banking system.
Under such a hypothetical payment structure, an importer would pay dinars (equivalent to dollars at the parallel market rate) to a Hawaladar (hawala broker) in Iraq, who would in turn instructs a Hawaladar counterparty outside Iraq (not necessarily in Iran) to pay the Iranian exporter in equivalent local currency. This is recorded as a debit and credit accounting entry between the Hawaladars, who would eventually settle this and other similar transactions, by transferring funds via the auction. This would be by creating a fictitious import-export invoice, followed by the Iraq based Hawaladar depositing dinars in a local bank, who in turn deposits them at the CBI. These are then proceesed as a dollar wire-transfer transaction in the auction exchanged at the official exchange rate. Subsequently, the dollars are deposited into the local bank’s account held at a bank outside Iraq, and further transferred to the counterparty Hawaladar in equivalent local currency or in dollars. Essentially, this transfer of dollars though the auction is between the Hawaladars, and not between the Iraqi exporter and Iranian importer who settled their transaction earlier.
Conundrums
The introduction of the new CBI measures in November effectively closed the door for such wire-transfers in the auction, and as a result, for some time physical dollars will likely be sought within Iraq to pay for the private sector’s imports from Iran, keeping the delta high. This is, however, not a viable solution, as the volumes of cash funded imports – due to the logistics of sourcing and transporting cash – would be much smaller than the hawaladar route funded exports, and would also be costly given the high delta. The high delat will simailry deter dollar cash transactions for Iraqi tourists and suitcase merchants, and same likely applies for the informal trade.
On the hand, the lopsided nature of Iraq’s trade balance with Iran – especially in goods with Iraq’s exports to Iran accounting for fraction of its imports from Iran (in 2022: Iraq exported about $0.2 billion to Iran, and imported about $9.9 billion) – means that Iraq cannot use the dinar or the rial to settle its trade with Iran as it staretd doing in yuan in settling is trade with China in late February. Consequenlty, a third currency is the only means of conducting cross-border trade in goods and services between the two.
The condunrum, is that Iraq’s infinitesimal traded goods and services sector, and thus its overwhelming dependence on oil exports implies that oil exports are its major source of a third cuurency. Implying that while these are traded in dollars, that dollars –directly or converted to other currencies– are the means wtih which Iraq settles its imports of goods and services from the outside world.
Final Thoughts
While sanctions continue to isolate Iran’s banking system from the rest of the world, and the high cost of the delat as well the CBI’s intensified measures agaisnt the absues in the parallel cash market, mean that Iraq’s imports of goods and services will either drop materially, or an alternative route is found.
A third route that might emerrge in time, is the adoption of a third currency other than the dollar to settle transactions. But that route is long and fraught with the conundrums of the need for both of Iraq and Iran to firstly have their own balanced trading relationship with the third’s currency’s trading partner; and secondly that these balanced trading relationships should generate enough surpluses to allow the two to use the third currency in their own transactions in goods and services.
Finally, as an unintended or an intended consequence, the enhanced beneficiary disclosure requirements and the CBI’s new requiremnts for banks to significantly increase their capital, has closed the rent-seeking opportunities for those who have access to the preferential exchange rate to the detriment of those who do not.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
Today at 7:14 am by Rocky
» utube 9/28/24 MM&C IQD Update News -Iraq PM - $83 Billion 3 Years - Stability - Global Contracts -
Today at 7:12 am by Rocky
» utube MM&C 9/26/24 Iraq Dinar News-Iraq Plans Redenomination of Currency-Value of it Related-Elect
Today at 7:11 am by Rocky
» Advisor to the Prime Minister rules out a decline in gold prices in the coming period..and explains
Today at 7:03 am by Rocky
» Legal expert: If it weren't for the Security Council's collusion, the Zionist entity would have been
Today at 6:59 am by Rocky
» Minister of Planning announces field progress in preparations for the census
Today at 6:58 am by Rocky
» Proposal before the government to form an economic and security crisis cell
Today at 6:56 am by Rocky
» Al-Karawi: The government's ignoring of the resistance's request is a betrayal of the blood of the m
Today at 6:55 am by Rocky
» Iraq is the fourth largest importer from Türkiye during the past month
Today at 6:53 am by Rocky
» The Prime Minister directs that Lebanese citizens wishing to come to Iraq be granted fast travel doc
Today at 6:50 am by Rocky
» US releases founder of cryptocurrency exchange Binance
Today at 6:48 am by Rocky
» The Central Bank of Iraq issues a warning to exchange companies regarding the sale of dollars
Today at 6:46 am by Rocky
» The Central Bank of Iraq sells more than $ 258 million in today's auction
Today at 6:45 am by Rocky
» Launching of aid and scholarship salaries this week
Today at 6:43 am by Rocky
» Karbala begins implementing 154 projects
Today at 6:42 am by Rocky
» Next Tuesday.. Closing of the application for the central admission form
Today at 6:40 am by Rocky
» Service effort: Including the capital and 4 governorates in next year’s plans
Today at 6:39 am by Rocky
» Rafidain Bank issues instructions for granting real estate loans
Today at 5:25 am by Rocky
» The expected path of the Iraqi economy
Today at 5:23 am by Rocky
» Experts: Population census shapes economic policies and directs investments
Today at 5:22 am by Rocky
» Central Bank records more than $1 billion in currency sales in a week
Today at 5:20 am by Rocky
» The Central Bank of Iraq warns exchange companies that sell dollars to travelers from receiving a co
Today at 5:19 am by Rocky
» Iraq under the microscope.. Will Baghdad succeed in avoiding regional conflict after the assassinati
Today at 5:17 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani makes a phone call to the Lebanese Prime Minister
Today at 5:14 am by Rocky
» How will developments in Lebanon affect the Iraqi economy and the oil market?
Today at 5:13 am by Rocky
» The position of the Speaker of Parliament and developments in the region on the table of Masoud Barz
Today at 5:06 am by Rocky
» Targeting of an American base in Syria by Iraqi factions
Today at 5:05 am by Rocky
» Official: Border shelling targeted Iraqi faction, reports of casualties
Today at 5:04 am by Rocky
» How much is Iraq's external debt in light of the fluctuation in oil prices?
Today at 5:02 am by Rocky
» Iraq is not far from war.. Will the factions enter into a confrontation with Israel?
Today at 5:01 am by Rocky
» Outcomes of the Coordination Framework Meeting in the Presence of Al-Sudani
Today at 5:00 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani renews to Mikati Iraq's firm position in supporting Lebanon and standing with it
Today at 4:57 am by Rocky
» Iraq's oil exports to US rise in a week
Today at 4:56 am by Rocky
» 5 governorates on the 2025 service effort plan
Today at 4:53 am by Rocky
» Dollar exchange rates in Iraqi stock exchanges today
Today at 4:52 am by Rocky
» Drug Law Amendments: No Life Sentences Anymore... Trade and Agriculture Will Be Faced with "Death Pe
Today at 4:50 am by Rocky
» A long-awaited historic position... When will the coalition forces leave Iraq?
Today at 4:48 am by Rocky
» Warnings of an imminent economic danger... and the alternative solution is taxes!
Today at 4:46 am by Rocky
» Dilapidated buildings and shortages... Iraq needs new schools!
Today at 4:44 am by Rocky
» Iraq is the second Gulf country to award contracts worth more than $2 billion
Yesterday at 10:23 am by Rocky
» Intensive US movements on the Iraqi-Syrian border.. Where is the situation heading? - Urgent
Yesterday at 10:20 am by Rocky
» Iraqi Minister of Water Resources speaks to Al Jazeera Net about solutions to the water crisis
Yesterday at 10:15 am by Rocky
» Iraqi Foreign Ministry: Expanding the scope of war in the region leads to serious consequences
Yesterday at 5:16 am by Rocky
» /Information/ reveals the location of the Rafidain Bank robbers in Ramadi
Yesterday at 5:15 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani Office for /Al-Maalouma/: Foreign workers threaten graduates
Yesterday at 5:14 am by Rocky
» Foreign Minister invites his Venezuelan counterpart to visit Baghdad
Yesterday at 5:12 am by Rocky
» "Government" real estate loans with amounts up to 150 million dinars.. Conditions and details
Yesterday at 5:10 am by Rocky
» Setting a date to launch 102 investment opportunities in Iraq
Yesterday at 5:07 am by Rocky
» Bitcoin Set to Post Best September Ever on Rate Cut
Yesterday at 5:06 am by Rocky
» What is the truth about the existence of a naval embargo imposed on Iraq?
Yesterday at 5:04 am by Rocky
» More than $70 million in Iraqi imports of Indian tea
Yesterday at 5:03 am by Rocky
» Oil price decline: Impact hits new groups in Iraq
Yesterday at 5:02 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Finance to NINA: The decline in global oil prices will not affect employees’ salaries
Yesterday at 5:00 am by Rocky
» Al-Hakim: Investing in tourism as one of the sources of financial revenues for the state
Yesterday at 4:59 am by Rocky
» From Najaf Al-Ashraf.. The Minister of Labor announces the completion of the procedures for issuing
Yesterday at 4:58 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Finance to NINA: The decline in global oil prices will not affect employees’ salaries
Yesterday at 4:56 am by Rocky
» 19,000 dinars difference from the official price.. The dollar falls slightly in Baghdad
Yesterday at 4:52 am by Rocky
» Al-Asadi: We call on citizens to invest in the retirement and social security law
Yesterday at 4:51 am by Rocky
» “Worth $4 billion”: Iran exports engineering services to Iraq
Yesterday at 4:48 am by Rocky
» US, Iraq agree to end 'alliance' in September 2025
Yesterday at 4:46 am by Rocky
» New tax will push house prices up, Iraq's real estate market into recession
Yesterday at 4:45 am by Rocky
» It is black and includes Iraq.. Netanyahu waves the “curse map” before the United Nations
Yesterday at 4:43 am by Rocky
» “The wiretapping scandal” complicates the political scene.. The second term is far from Al-Sudani
Yesterday at 4:42 am by Rocky
» Suspicions surround hospital projects.. Is corruption hindering the Chinese agreement in Iraq?
Yesterday at 4:41 am by Rocky
» Statement issued by the media office of Dr. Iyad Allawi
Yesterday at 4:39 am by Rocky
» Faeq Zidane: The jurisdiction of law and judiciary is a constitutional and legal jurisdiction
Yesterday at 4:37 am by Rocky
» Sudanese arrives in Baghdad
Yesterday at 4:36 am by Rocky
» Planning: Completion of 70% of inventory and numbering work in Kirkuk
Yesterday at 4:34 am by Rocky
» Rafidain Bank announces granting real estate loans to three categories
Yesterday at 4:33 am by Rocky
» Dollar price today
Yesterday at 4:32 am by Rocky
» Netanyahu enters with maps and attendees leave the General Assembly session.. What did he mention Ir
Yesterday at 4:29 am by Rocky
» The historic agreement on international withdrawal... a turning point in the path of Iraqi sovereign
Yesterday at 4:27 am by Rocky
» Includes citizens, employees and retirees.. A real estate loan from Rafidain worth 150 million dinar
Yesterday at 4:24 am by Rocky
» Does it include an American withdrawal? Two important indications in the statement "ending the missi
Yesterday at 4:22 am by Rocky
» Dollar exchange rates drop in Iraqi stock exchanges
Yesterday at 4:21 am by Rocky
» Will the drop in oil affect only employees' salaries or all segments of society?
Yesterday at 4:19 am by Rocky
» North Carolina removes 747,000 from voter rolls
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 5:03 pm by Bama Diva
» The full extent of the Biden-Harris criminal alien invasion REVEALED
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 4:32 pm by Bama Diva
» utube 9/24/24 MM&C Iraqi Dinar News-IRAQ-INTERNATIONALISM NY-2023 to 2029 Road Map - Social- Finan
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:17 am by Rocky
» Hanoun calls for benefiting from the Chinese economic experience and linking the Silk Road between t
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:12 am by Rocky
» Gulf-American statement directs a strict request to Iraq
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:10 am by Rocky
» Conflict escalates in the Middle East, warning of Iraq slipping deeper into confrontation
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:08 am by Rocky
» EU 'concerned' over increasing executions in Iraq
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:05 am by Rocky
» Mustafa Sand: The judiciary has proven the “wiretapping” issue, and Al-Sudani’s brother is involved
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:04 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Committee Talks in Numbers About Iraq’s Water Crisis with Türkiye and Proposes a Solut
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:01 am by Rocky
» Why did the Central Bank hesitate to implement the measures taken against Iraqi private banks?
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 7:00 am by Rocky
» US State Department: Announcement of agreement on the future of the international coalition from Ira
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:58 am by Rocky
» Housing Crisis in Iraq: “Ambitious” Government Plans and Fears of Monopoly
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:55 am by Rocky
» Will privatization save Iraq's economy or open the door to corruption?
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:52 am by Rocky
» Parliament: Agreement with the regional government to review its oil contracts to adapt them constit
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:51 am by Rocky
» Interior Minister: Iraq is free of drug factories
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:50 am by Rocky
» Anbar Alliance: Halbousi clings to power because he fears opening major files against him
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:48 am by Rocky
» Rising prices of oil derivatives in Kurdistan.. reasons and goals
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:46 am by Rocky
» Economist calls on the government to resort to tax exemption
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:45 am by Rocky
» Iraqi Oil Company for Investment and Pricing of Raw Gas Produced
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:44 am by Rocky
» Increase in activity at Mandali border crossing during the current year
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:43 am by Rocky
» MP: New cities map will include eight governorates next year
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 6:42 am by Rocky
» The Ministry of Finance confirms that the employee is entitled to university service allowances whil
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 5:15 am by Rocky
» Media Commission and Starlink discuss cooperation prospects to provide internet services in Iraq
Fri 27 Sep 2024, 5:13 am by Rocky