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[size=35][size=35]Its relationship with Iraq is lukewarm, and the “Nine Lives” is its most prominent leader.. Everything you need to know about Hamas[/size]
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2023-10-19 | 03:56
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Alsumaria News - International
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The operation began with glider planes carrying Qassam fighters penetrating enemy airspace on the border with Gaza. This coincided with the storming of the separation fence by fighters on motorcycles, four-wheel drive vehicles, and on foot.
At a time when the Gaza Strip is groaning under the weight of continuous bombing by the Israeli occupation forces, and the displacement of more than a million Palestinians after the destruction of their homes, Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper said that Hamas planned to remain in the region for a long time after the Al-Aqsa Flood operation.
Plans and maps collected by the occupation after the operation revealed that the plan began to be prepared two years ago, and included an attack on Ashkelon and the Kiryat Gat settlement. The large quantities of food that the fighters brought with them indicate that they planned to stay for a long time.
All roads in Operation Al-Aqsa Flood lead us to the Hamas movement. What is this movement, and when and how was it founded? What are its objectives and most prominent operations?
The emergence of the Hamas movement and its goals.
“Hamas”, which is an abbreviation for the “Islamic Resistance Movement”, was founded in 1987 during the first Palestinian intifada, by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, after he agreed with a group of Islamic action leaders in the Gaza Strip to form an organization that would fight the occupation.
The movement enjoys Iranian support, and adopts the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was founded in Egypt during the 1920s. Initially, it adopted the principle of nonviolent resistance, and one of its leaders even proposed a peaceful solution in 1988.
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In his book Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza,[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3016184820/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1/ar/]Ziad Abu Omar[/url]says that Sheikh Yassin himself “made a statement in which he indicated for the first time the Brotherhood’s willingness to negotiate with Israel, but under certain conditions.”
But with the increasing use of violence by the occupation during the first intifada, especially against Yassin himself, peacefulness was no longer an approach followed by the Hamas movement.
In August 1988, the occupation forces raided and searched Ahmed Yassin's house, before he was arrested in May 1989 along with members of Hamas, after Hamas killed two Israeli soldiers.
At the end of 1991, Yassin was sentenced to life imprisonment with an additional 15 years, on charges of incitement to kidnap and kill soldiers, and founding the Hamas movement. The Al-Qassam Brigades, the movement's military apparatus, attempted to release Sheikh Yassin and some other detainees by kidnapping an Israeli soldier near Jerusalem in 1992.
But the occupation authorities refused to exchange him for the release of Yassin and his companions, and launched an attack on where their soldier was being held, which led to his death.
Later, following a failed assassination attempt carried out by the Mossad in Amman against the head of the Hamas political bureau, Khaled Meshal, in 1997, the Jordanian authorities arrested two Mossad agents. Israel agreed to receive them in exchange for the release of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin.
Hamas defines itself as "a national liberation movement with moderate, moderate Islamic thought that limits its struggle and work to the issue of Palestine, and does not interfere in the affairs of others."
On its official website, the Hamas movement says that it limits its resistance to the Israeli occupation only, and does not have any battle with any party in the world, and stresses: “We do not resist except those who fight our people and occupy our land, and for us resistance is a means, not an end.”
She adds emphatically: “Hamas does not fight and resist the Israelis because they are Jews, but because they are occupiers. It has no problem with anyone because of their religion, race, sect, or ideology, but its problem is with the occupiers and aggressors, and it has the right to resist them by all means, including armed resistance.”
On May 1, 2017, the Hamas movement announced its new political document, titled “The General Principles and Policies Document,” during a press conference held by former Political Bureau head Khaled Meshaal in the Qatari capital.
The Islamic Resistance Movement in Gaza
Hamas opposed the 1993 Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, and announced the continuation of its operations against the occupation forces.Indeed, attacks were soon carried out inside Israel, including bus bombings and other attacks.
Later, Israel offered to withdraw from the Gaza Strip and give up large parts of the West Bank, in addition to granting additional lands from the Negev Desert to the Palestinians, providing that it would retain the main settlements and most parts of East Jerusalem.
Hamas rejected the offer; After the failure of the Camp David talks, and Ariel Sharon’s visit - which was described as “provocative” - to Al-Aqsa, the second Palestinian Intifada began in 2000 due to all of the above.
During that period, Hamas carried out effective operations against Israel, including attacks against forums in Netanya, and attacks against nightclubs inside Israel, which led to the death and injury of dozens of Israelis.
On September 6, 2003, Sheikh was attacked[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1514723352/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86/ar/]Ahmed Yassin[/url]For an Israeli assassination attempt, it targeted an apartment in which he was present in Gaza with a friend[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]He sustained minor injuries in his right arm.
Hamas responded via:[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]With the “Ashdod Port” operation in 2004, which claimed the lives of 10 Israelis and wounded 20 others, the countdown to the timing of Yassin’s assassination began, which I uploaded.[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Responsibility for implementing the process.
On March 22, 2004, Al-Sheikh was assassinated[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1514723352/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86/ar/]Ahmed Yassin[/url]As a result of 3 missiles being fired at him from Israeli Apache helicopters, while he was leaving the Islamic Complex Mosque in the Al-Sabra neighborhood in...[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url].
About one month later, she was assassinated[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Doctor[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3753161269/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A/ar/]Abdul Aziz Al-Rantisi[/url]Who was chosen as the leader of the Hamas movement at home.
You couldn't[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]of keeping its forces in[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]After 2005, it withdrew completely from the Strip, and also withdrew settlers from nearby settlements. In 2006, Hamas won the Palestinian parliamentary elections.
Months after its great victory, Hamas captured the soldier in the occupation army[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url]In June 2006, she hid him for more than 5 years despite all Israeli attempts to find him, through fierce confrontations against Hamas fighters.
In 2007, coinciding with the Hamas administration[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]By controlling it, the occupying authority imposed a wide siege on the Gaza Strip, which continues to this day.
According to Reuters, it is in control[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43495/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Islamic resistance movement[/url]on Gaza through a security apparatus that includes thousands of fighters and also has thousands of members in its armed wing ([url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]) which aims primarily to fight the occupation.
He takes over[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]Leading the movement's political bureau abroad, and still considers himself prime minister, even though Abbas dismissed his government after the movement took control of the Gaza Strip. For Hamas in 2007, while Yahya Sinwar, who left in a family exchange deal in 2011 during the “Loyalty to the Free” deal, is now the head of Hamas’s political bureau, in which the Israeli soldier was released.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url].
Many military confrontations took place between Hamas and the occupation forces[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]From the siege until today. In addition to Operation Al-Aqsa Flood, Sector 5 witnessed military confrontations between the two sides, most of which were initiated by the occupation forces.
Hamas' relations with other countries.
The positions of the countries of the region and the world towards the Palestinian Hamas movement vary. While it has relations with some countries, other countries classify it as a "terrorist organization."
Britain was the last country to move towards banning Hamas, as Home Secretary Priti Patel announced on Friday that she had begun passing a law from Parliament that classifies the movement as a “terrorist organization” and bans it in the United Kingdom.
First - Countries that maintain relations with the movement or are not hostile to it:
- Qatar: It has maintained strong relations with the movement for many years, and they were strengthened after Hamas won the legislative elections in 2006, and officially and repeatedly hosts the former and current heads of the Political Bureau, Khaled Meshaal and[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url].
Iran: One of the most prominent countries allied with the movement, and it has hosted a representative office since 1992. However, relations between the two sides witnessed a kind of cooling after 2011 following the movement’s leadership’s departure from Syria, but they recovered again.
Turkey: The relationship between Hamas and Turkey has improved since the movement’s victory in the legislative elections in 2006. Ankara recognized its results and demanded respect for the will of the Palestinian people.
- Russia: The relationship between the two parties began in 2005, and official Russian contacts with the movement began after it won the legislative elections in 2006.
- South Africa: Hamas describes its relations with it as “good”, and it began in 1998, and developed at the official levels during the previous years. .
- Egypt: Relations between the two sides began at the end of 2002, and were characterized by fluctuations until they reached the point of estrangement between 2013 and 2017. A judicial decision in 2015 classified the movement as a “terrorist entity,” but...[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3018073086/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Egyptian Court of Urgent Matters[/url]This ruling was later overturned.
Since 2017, the two sides have had official relations, managed by the Egyptian General Intelligence Service. Where Cairo works to mediate between the Palestinian factions and[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]It also sponsors the internal Palestinian reconciliation files.
Lebanon: Hamas has opened a representative office in Beirut since 1998, and the movement has strong relations with the Hezbollah organization, which has great influence in Lebanon.
- Algeria: Hamas has a stable relationship with it. The country opened its doors to its leaders, and movement leaders said that Algeria agreed to open an office for Hamas in 2016.
Malaysia: Relations between the two sides began with the visit of former Malaysian Prime Minister Mohamed Najib Abdul Razak to[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]In 2013, visits and contacts continued at the official political level.
Yemen: Hamas has maintained relations with Yemen since the era of its former president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, who led mediation in 2008 to end the Palestinian division.
Hamas also maintained good relations with the Houthis, who host an office for the movement in Sanaa.
Kuwait: Since the founding of the Hamas movement, it has had a good relationship with Kuwait, as a number of its founders lived there, led by Khaled Meshaal, and this relationship developed over the decades.
Kuwait supported Hamas when it won the 2006 elections, and relations between the two parties still exist at the highest level, the most recent of which was a call between the Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3285719857/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD/ar/]Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah[/url]With Haniyeh to condemn the recent aggression on Gaza.
- The Sultanate of Oman: Despite its contacts with...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]However, it maintained balanced relations with Hamas, and Muscat received Haniyeh in January 2020, to offer condolences on the death of the late Sultan Qaboos bin Said, in a visit considered the first of its kind.
Morocco: In June 2021, the movement’s leader visited Rabat and met the former Prime Minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/998653848/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/ar/]Saad Al-Din Al-Othmani[/url].
Mauritania: Haniyeh visited Nouakchott in June 2021, and met with the president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2602692442/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/ar/]Muhammad Ould Sheikh Al-Ghazwani[/url].
Pakistan: Relations between the two sides began after Hamas won the 2006 elections, when Islamabad announced $3 million in support for its government.
Last October, Haniyeh sent two letters of condolence to the president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2483455649/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81 %D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A/ar/]Arif Alawi[/url]And the Prime Minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/879115278/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86/ar/]Omran Khan[/url], on the death of the nuclear scientist[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/982713418/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86/ar/]Abdul Qadeer Khan[/url].
China: In 2004, Beijing considered “Hamas” a “terrorist organization,” before retracting its decision in 2006 after the movement won the Palestinian legislative elections, and received the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the government formed by the movement at that time, Mahmoud Al-Zahar; But relations have not witnessed any announced development since that time.
- Iraq: Hamas does not maintain official relations with Baghdad, but the latter’s positions are not hostile to the movement, which praised Iraq’s positions rejecting normalization with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]It also previously denounced bloody bombings that occurred in the capital, Baghdad.
Tunisia: The movement does not have official relations with Tunisia, but the leader of Hamas[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3410593965/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A %D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A/ar/]Sami Abu Zuhri[/url]He had previously visited it and met with the Speaker of Parliament, which has been suspended since July 25, Rashid Ghannouchi.
Venezuela: In January 2018, Haniyeh sent a letter to the Venezuelan president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1606234062/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3 %D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88/ar/]Nicolas Maduro[/url]In which he expressed his movement's hopes for strengthening its relationship with Caracas.
In January 2019, Hamas expressed its support for President Maduro in the face of the “coup attempt against which he was subjected.”
Indonesia: A Hamas delegation visited Jakarta in 2014, met with representatives in Parliament, and submitted a request to open a representative office in the country, but the government refused, claiming that it deals with countries and not organizations.
A government spokesman said that the authorities are not opposed to the movement holding events in the country.
Afghanistan: Hamas did not have relations with the former regime in Kabul, but it congratulated the Taliban on its victory and assuming the reins of power last August, when Haniyeh made a call with the Foreign Minister in the government formed by the Taliban.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3930754195/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 %D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A/ar/]Amir Khan Muttaqi[/url].
Second - Countries that ban the movement or its armed wing:
- The United States: It classified “Hamas” as a “terrorist movement” and banned its activities in 1997.
- Britain: It had previously classified “[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“The military wing of Hamas is a “terrorist organization” in 2001, and this November, it began issuing a law from Parliament that classifies the movement as a whole, with its military and political wings, as a “terrorist” organization. - The European Union: It included “Hamas” among the “terrorist organizations.
” 2001.
- Canada: listed “Hamas” as a “terrorist organization” in 2002.
- Australia: listed “[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“A terrorist organization” in 2003.
New Zealand: Classified.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“A terrorist entity” in 2010.
- Saudi Arabia: Riyadh had previously established good relations with Hamas, but it entered a stage of coolness and then estrangement in recent years, despite not officially announcing its ban. At the beginning of 2019,
Riyadh arrested a number of leaders. Hamas" and issued prison sentences against them, as described[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/139417823/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1/ar/]Adel Al-Jubeir[/url]The Minister of State for Foreign Affairs denounced the extremist movement in February 2018.
- The UAE: Like Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi has been hostile to the Hamas movement and has banned its activities since 2006, and the rift intensified after the UAE normalized its relations with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]2020.
- Jordan: It closed the political headquarters of the Hamas leadership and asked it to leave Amman in 1999. However, it allows some of the movement’s first-line leaders to visit its territory, for unofficial personal reasons not related to the movement’s work.
Sudan: Khartoum and Hamas had a good relationship during the era of the former president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2161670591/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1/ar/]Omar al-Bashir[/url]But it was cut off after his overthrow, and the dispute between them deepened after Sudan normalized its relations with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]In 2020.
In September 2021, international news agencies quoted Sudanese officials as saying that the authorities had confiscated financial assets belonging to the movement, but the latter denied having any investments in the country.
Libya: In October 2016, the Libyan authorities arrested four members of Hamas, and in February 2019, a court in Tripoli issued severe sentences ranging from 17 to 22 years against them, which the movement condemned.
Syria: Close relations were linked between the two sides in the past, as Damascus hosted the movement’s leadership, but they were cut off after the movement’s leadership left Syria in early 2012. Because of Hamas' refusal to declare its support for the Syrian regime in the face of the revolution.
Bahrain: Hamas held informal contacts in Manama between 2012 and 2013, where officials from Bahrain visited,[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]They opened relief projects.
But Manama normalized its relations with...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]This led to a rift between the two sides.
*The most prominent leaders of the movement
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]He heads the political bureau of Hamas, after being elected in 2017, succeeding Khaled Meshaal. And the"[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3807732410/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF/ar/]Abu alabed[/url]", the nickname by which he was famous, was prime minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1888405288/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Palestinian Authority[/url]After the movement's sudden victory in the 2006 elections,
Haniyeh lives in self-imposed exile between Qatar and Turkey, after 5 assassination attempts carried out by the occupation in Gaza, and after many arrests in the occupation prisons, and he is a primary target for the Israeli Mossad.
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/483613770/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81/ar/]Muhammad Al-Deif[/url]: leader[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]And the mastermind of the Al-Aqsa Flood operation, and he is the target of[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]More than 10 years ago. He survived 6 known assassination attempts, the last of which was in 2014 when he was targeted by an Israeli raid in[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]His wife and one of their children were killed.
Al-Deif, a fighter with “nine lives” - as the occupation describes him - suffered major physical damage in an assassination attempt in 2006, after which it was said that he lost his sight and had a leg and an arm amputated. Since then, he has not stayed in the same place for more than one night, until he was nicknamed “The Guest.”
It is rumored that his original name is[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/966214562/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A/ar/]Mohamed Al-Masry[/url]He is from Gaza and was appointed president of[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]Successor to[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1333221635/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD %D8%B4%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9/ar/]Saleh Shehadeh[/url]After his assassination. He has one photo dating back to before 2000, and his name has been on the American list of “international terrorists” since 2015.
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2705733074/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1/ar/]Yahya Al-Sanwar[/url]In February 2017, he was elected head of the political bureau of the Hamas movement in Gaza, succeeding[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]After he was the leader of the elite in the military wing. He was among the prisoners exchanged in 2011 with the Israeli soldier[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url].
He spent 23 years in Israeli occupation prisons, and is wanted by...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]He is also listed as an “international terrorist” in the United States. He moves very secretly, and has not appeared in public since the Al-Aqsa Flood.
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The Palestinian arena
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2023-10-19 | 03:56
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Alsumaria News - International
At dawn on October 7, 2023, the Al-Qassam Brigades (the military wing of the Hamas movement) launched a large and sudden military operation against the Israeli occupation, calling it “Al-Aqsa Flood.”
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The operation began with glider planes carrying Qassam fighters penetrating enemy airspace on the border with Gaza. This coincided with the storming of the separation fence by fighters on motorcycles, four-wheel drive vehicles, and on foot.
At a time when the Gaza Strip is groaning under the weight of continuous bombing by the Israeli occupation forces, and the displacement of more than a million Palestinians after the destruction of their homes, Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper said that Hamas planned to remain in the region for a long time after the Al-Aqsa Flood operation.
Plans and maps collected by the occupation after the operation revealed that the plan began to be prepared two years ago, and included an attack on Ashkelon and the Kiryat Gat settlement. The large quantities of food that the fighters brought with them indicate that they planned to stay for a long time.
All roads in Operation Al-Aqsa Flood lead us to the Hamas movement. What is this movement, and when and how was it founded? What are its objectives and most prominent operations?
The emergence of the Hamas movement and its goals.
“Hamas”, which is an abbreviation for the “Islamic Resistance Movement”, was founded in 1987 during the first Palestinian intifada, by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, after he agreed with a group of Islamic action leaders in the Gaza Strip to form an organization that would fight the occupation.
The movement enjoys Iranian support, and adopts the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was founded in Egypt during the 1920s. Initially, it adopted the principle of nonviolent resistance, and one of its leaders even proposed a peaceful solution in 1988.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
In his book Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza,[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3016184820/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1/ar/]Ziad Abu Omar[/url]says that Sheikh Yassin himself “made a statement in which he indicated for the first time the Brotherhood’s willingness to negotiate with Israel, but under certain conditions.”
But with the increasing use of violence by the occupation during the first intifada, especially against Yassin himself, peacefulness was no longer an approach followed by the Hamas movement.
In August 1988, the occupation forces raided and searched Ahmed Yassin's house, before he was arrested in May 1989 along with members of Hamas, after Hamas killed two Israeli soldiers.
At the end of 1991, Yassin was sentenced to life imprisonment with an additional 15 years, on charges of incitement to kidnap and kill soldiers, and founding the Hamas movement. The Al-Qassam Brigades, the movement's military apparatus, attempted to release Sheikh Yassin and some other detainees by kidnapping an Israeli soldier near Jerusalem in 1992.
But the occupation authorities refused to exchange him for the release of Yassin and his companions, and launched an attack on where their soldier was being held, which led to his death.
Later, following a failed assassination attempt carried out by the Mossad in Amman against the head of the Hamas political bureau, Khaled Meshal, in 1997, the Jordanian authorities arrested two Mossad agents. Israel agreed to receive them in exchange for the release of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin.
Hamas defines itself as "a national liberation movement with moderate, moderate Islamic thought that limits its struggle and work to the issue of Palestine, and does not interfere in the affairs of others."
On its official website, the Hamas movement says that it limits its resistance to the Israeli occupation only, and does not have any battle with any party in the world, and stresses: “We do not resist except those who fight our people and occupy our land, and for us resistance is a means, not an end.”
She adds emphatically: “Hamas does not fight and resist the Israelis because they are Jews, but because they are occupiers. It has no problem with anyone because of their religion, race, sect, or ideology, but its problem is with the occupiers and aggressors, and it has the right to resist them by all means, including armed resistance.”
On May 1, 2017, the Hamas movement announced its new political document, titled “The General Principles and Policies Document,” during a press conference held by former Political Bureau head Khaled Meshaal in the Qatari capital.
The Islamic Resistance Movement in Gaza
Hamas opposed the 1993 Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, and announced the continuation of its operations against the occupation forces.Indeed, attacks were soon carried out inside Israel, including bus bombings and other attacks.
Later, Israel offered to withdraw from the Gaza Strip and give up large parts of the West Bank, in addition to granting additional lands from the Negev Desert to the Palestinians, providing that it would retain the main settlements and most parts of East Jerusalem.
Hamas rejected the offer; After the failure of the Camp David talks, and Ariel Sharon’s visit - which was described as “provocative” - to Al-Aqsa, the second Palestinian Intifada began in 2000 due to all of the above.
During that period, Hamas carried out effective operations against Israel, including attacks against forums in Netanya, and attacks against nightclubs inside Israel, which led to the death and injury of dozens of Israelis.
On September 6, 2003, Sheikh was attacked[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1514723352/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86/ar/]Ahmed Yassin[/url]For an Israeli assassination attempt, it targeted an apartment in which he was present in Gaza with a friend[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]He sustained minor injuries in his right arm.
Hamas responded via:[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]With the “Ashdod Port” operation in 2004, which claimed the lives of 10 Israelis and wounded 20 others, the countdown to the timing of Yassin’s assassination began, which I uploaded.[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Responsibility for implementing the process.
On March 22, 2004, Al-Sheikh was assassinated[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1514723352/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86/ar/]Ahmed Yassin[/url]As a result of 3 missiles being fired at him from Israeli Apache helicopters, while he was leaving the Islamic Complex Mosque in the Al-Sabra neighborhood in...[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url].
About one month later, she was assassinated[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Doctor[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3753161269/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A/ar/]Abdul Aziz Al-Rantisi[/url]Who was chosen as the leader of the Hamas movement at home.
You couldn't[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]of keeping its forces in[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]After 2005, it withdrew completely from the Strip, and also withdrew settlers from nearby settlements. In 2006, Hamas won the Palestinian parliamentary elections.
Months after its great victory, Hamas captured the soldier in the occupation army[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url]In June 2006, she hid him for more than 5 years despite all Israeli attempts to find him, through fierce confrontations against Hamas fighters.
In 2007, coinciding with the Hamas administration[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]By controlling it, the occupying authority imposed a wide siege on the Gaza Strip, which continues to this day.
According to Reuters, it is in control[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43495/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Islamic resistance movement[/url]on Gaza through a security apparatus that includes thousands of fighters and also has thousands of members in its armed wing ([url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]) which aims primarily to fight the occupation.
He takes over[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]Leading the movement's political bureau abroad, and still considers himself prime minister, even though Abbas dismissed his government after the movement took control of the Gaza Strip. For Hamas in 2007, while Yahya Sinwar, who left in a family exchange deal in 2011 during the “Loyalty to the Free” deal, is now the head of Hamas’s political bureau, in which the Israeli soldier was released.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url].
Many military confrontations took place between Hamas and the occupation forces[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]From the siege until today. In addition to Operation Al-Aqsa Flood, Sector 5 witnessed military confrontations between the two sides, most of which were initiated by the occupation forces.
Hamas' relations with other countries.
The positions of the countries of the region and the world towards the Palestinian Hamas movement vary. While it has relations with some countries, other countries classify it as a "terrorist organization."
Britain was the last country to move towards banning Hamas, as Home Secretary Priti Patel announced on Friday that she had begun passing a law from Parliament that classifies the movement as a “terrorist organization” and bans it in the United Kingdom.
First - Countries that maintain relations with the movement or are not hostile to it:
- Qatar: It has maintained strong relations with the movement for many years, and they were strengthened after Hamas won the legislative elections in 2006, and officially and repeatedly hosts the former and current heads of the Political Bureau, Khaled Meshaal and[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url].
Iran: One of the most prominent countries allied with the movement, and it has hosted a representative office since 1992. However, relations between the two sides witnessed a kind of cooling after 2011 following the movement’s leadership’s departure from Syria, but they recovered again.
Turkey: The relationship between Hamas and Turkey has improved since the movement’s victory in the legislative elections in 2006. Ankara recognized its results and demanded respect for the will of the Palestinian people.
- Russia: The relationship between the two parties began in 2005, and official Russian contacts with the movement began after it won the legislative elections in 2006.
- South Africa: Hamas describes its relations with it as “good”, and it began in 1998, and developed at the official levels during the previous years. .
- Egypt: Relations between the two sides began at the end of 2002, and were characterized by fluctuations until they reached the point of estrangement between 2013 and 2017. A judicial decision in 2015 classified the movement as a “terrorist entity,” but...[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3018073086/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Egyptian Court of Urgent Matters[/url]This ruling was later overturned.
Since 2017, the two sides have had official relations, managed by the Egyptian General Intelligence Service. Where Cairo works to mediate between the Palestinian factions and[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]It also sponsors the internal Palestinian reconciliation files.
Lebanon: Hamas has opened a representative office in Beirut since 1998, and the movement has strong relations with the Hezbollah organization, which has great influence in Lebanon.
- Algeria: Hamas has a stable relationship with it. The country opened its doors to its leaders, and movement leaders said that Algeria agreed to open an office for Hamas in 2016.
Malaysia: Relations between the two sides began with the visit of former Malaysian Prime Minister Mohamed Najib Abdul Razak to[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]In 2013, visits and contacts continued at the official political level.
Yemen: Hamas has maintained relations with Yemen since the era of its former president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, who led mediation in 2008 to end the Palestinian division.
Hamas also maintained good relations with the Houthis, who host an office for the movement in Sanaa.
Kuwait: Since the founding of the Hamas movement, it has had a good relationship with Kuwait, as a number of its founders lived there, led by Khaled Meshaal, and this relationship developed over the decades.
Kuwait supported Hamas when it won the 2006 elections, and relations between the two parties still exist at the highest level, the most recent of which was a call between the Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3285719857/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD/ar/]Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah[/url]With Haniyeh to condemn the recent aggression on Gaza.
- The Sultanate of Oman: Despite its contacts with...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]However, it maintained balanced relations with Hamas, and Muscat received Haniyeh in January 2020, to offer condolences on the death of the late Sultan Qaboos bin Said, in a visit considered the first of its kind.
Morocco: In June 2021, the movement’s leader visited Rabat and met the former Prime Minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/998653848/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/ar/]Saad Al-Din Al-Othmani[/url].
Mauritania: Haniyeh visited Nouakchott in June 2021, and met with the president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2602692442/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/ar/]Muhammad Ould Sheikh Al-Ghazwani[/url].
Pakistan: Relations between the two sides began after Hamas won the 2006 elections, when Islamabad announced $3 million in support for its government.
Last October, Haniyeh sent two letters of condolence to the president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2483455649/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81 %D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A/ar/]Arif Alawi[/url]And the Prime Minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/879115278/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86/ar/]Omran Khan[/url], on the death of the nuclear scientist[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/982713418/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86/ar/]Abdul Qadeer Khan[/url].
China: In 2004, Beijing considered “Hamas” a “terrorist organization,” before retracting its decision in 2006 after the movement won the Palestinian legislative elections, and received the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the government formed by the movement at that time, Mahmoud Al-Zahar; But relations have not witnessed any announced development since that time.
- Iraq: Hamas does not maintain official relations with Baghdad, but the latter’s positions are not hostile to the movement, which praised Iraq’s positions rejecting normalization with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]It also previously denounced bloody bombings that occurred in the capital, Baghdad.
Tunisia: The movement does not have official relations with Tunisia, but the leader of Hamas[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3410593965/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A %D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A/ar/]Sami Abu Zuhri[/url]He had previously visited it and met with the Speaker of Parliament, which has been suspended since July 25, Rashid Ghannouchi.
Venezuela: In January 2018, Haniyeh sent a letter to the Venezuelan president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1606234062/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3 %D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88/ar/]Nicolas Maduro[/url]In which he expressed his movement's hopes for strengthening its relationship with Caracas.
In January 2019, Hamas expressed its support for President Maduro in the face of the “coup attempt against which he was subjected.”
Indonesia: A Hamas delegation visited Jakarta in 2014, met with representatives in Parliament, and submitted a request to open a representative office in the country, but the government refused, claiming that it deals with countries and not organizations.
A government spokesman said that the authorities are not opposed to the movement holding events in the country.
Afghanistan: Hamas did not have relations with the former regime in Kabul, but it congratulated the Taliban on its victory and assuming the reins of power last August, when Haniyeh made a call with the Foreign Minister in the government formed by the Taliban.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3930754195/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1 %D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 %D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A/ar/]Amir Khan Muttaqi[/url].
Second - Countries that ban the movement or its armed wing:
- The United States: It classified “Hamas” as a “terrorist movement” and banned its activities in 1997.
- Britain: It had previously classified “[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“The military wing of Hamas is a “terrorist organization” in 2001, and this November, it began issuing a law from Parliament that classifies the movement as a whole, with its military and political wings, as a “terrorist” organization. - The European Union: It included “Hamas” among the “terrorist organizations.
” 2001.
- Canada: listed “Hamas” as a “terrorist organization” in 2002.
- Australia: listed “[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“A terrorist organization” in 2003.
New Zealand: Classified.[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]“A terrorist entity” in 2010.
- Saudi Arabia: Riyadh had previously established good relations with Hamas, but it entered a stage of coolness and then estrangement in recent years, despite not officially announcing its ban. At the beginning of 2019,
Riyadh arrested a number of leaders. Hamas" and issued prison sentences against them, as described[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/139417823/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1/ar/]Adel Al-Jubeir[/url]The Minister of State for Foreign Affairs denounced the extremist movement in February 2018.
- The UAE: Like Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi has been hostile to the Hamas movement and has banned its activities since 2006, and the rift intensified after the UAE normalized its relations with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]2020.
- Jordan: It closed the political headquarters of the Hamas leadership and asked it to leave Amman in 1999. However, it allows some of the movement’s first-line leaders to visit its territory, for unofficial personal reasons not related to the movement’s work.
Sudan: Khartoum and Hamas had a good relationship during the era of the former president[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2161670591/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1/ar/]Omar al-Bashir[/url]But it was cut off after his overthrow, and the dispute between them deepened after Sudan normalized its relations with[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]In 2020.
In September 2021, international news agencies quoted Sudanese officials as saying that the authorities had confiscated financial assets belonging to the movement, but the latter denied having any investments in the country.
Libya: In October 2016, the Libyan authorities arrested four members of Hamas, and in February 2019, a court in Tripoli issued severe sentences ranging from 17 to 22 years against them, which the movement condemned.
Syria: Close relations were linked between the two sides in the past, as Damascus hosted the movement’s leadership, but they were cut off after the movement’s leadership left Syria in early 2012. Because of Hamas' refusal to declare its support for the Syrian regime in the face of the revolution.
Bahrain: Hamas held informal contacts in Manama between 2012 and 2013, where officials from Bahrain visited,[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]They opened relief projects.
But Manama normalized its relations with...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]This led to a rift between the two sides.
*The most prominent leaders of the movement
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]He heads the political bureau of Hamas, after being elected in 2017, succeeding Khaled Meshaal. And the"[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/3807732410/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF/ar/]Abu alabed[/url]", the nickname by which he was famous, was prime minister[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1888405288/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Palestinian Authority[/url]After the movement's sudden victory in the 2006 elections,
Haniyeh lives in self-imposed exile between Qatar and Turkey, after 5 assassination attempts carried out by the occupation in Gaza, and after many arrests in the occupation prisons, and he is a primary target for the Israeli Mossad.
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/483613770/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81/ar/]Muhammad Al-Deif[/url]: leader[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]And the mastermind of the Al-Aqsa Flood operation, and he is the target of[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]More than 10 years ago. He survived 6 known assassination attempts, the last of which was in 2014 when he was targeted by an Israeli raid in[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/47088/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9 %D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/ar/]Gaza strip[/url]His wife and one of their children were killed.
Al-Deif, a fighter with “nine lives” - as the occupation describes him - suffered major physical damage in an assassination attempt in 2006, after which it was said that he lost his sight and had a leg and an arm amputated. Since then, he has not stayed in the same place for more than one night, until he was nicknamed “The Guest.”
It is rumored that his original name is[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/966214562/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A/ar/]Mohamed Al-Masry[/url]He is from Gaza and was appointed president of[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/43551/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8 %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ar/]Al-Qassam Brigades[/url]Successor to[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1333221635/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD %D8%B4%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9/ar/]Saleh Shehadeh[/url]After his assassination. He has one photo dating back to before 2000, and his name has been on the American list of “international terrorists” since 2015.
[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/2705733074/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1/ar/]Yahya Al-Sanwar[/url]In February 2017, he was elected head of the political bureau of the Hamas movement in Gaza, succeeding[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/123280/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84 %D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/ar/]Ismail Haniyeh[/url]After he was the leader of the elite in the military wing. He was among the prisoners exchanged in 2011 with the Israeli soldier[url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/Entity/1259809402/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF %D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7/ar/]Gilad Shalit[/url].
He spent 23 years in Israeli occupation prisons, and is wanted by...[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]He is also listed as an “international terrorist” in the United States. He moves very secretly, and has not appeared in public since the Al-Aqsa Flood.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
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