Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

by **Rocky** Mon May 28, 2018 3:08 am

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Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

by Rocky Mon May 28, 2018 3:08 am

Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

28/5/2018 12:00 am

[rtl]Alaa Hamid
Iraq has been caught in the political instability since its political entity emerged in 1921, and to this day it has not been able to reach the stage of continuous stability that contributes to the building of institutions that remain stable in form and content. The stability has been achieved only intermittently for nearly 16 years 1941 and 1958 and the rest does not exceed 13 years in the subsequent stages. The concept of instability in general terms indicates that it is not possible to reach the stage of the stability of traditions and social and political contexts that govern the transition from power to the state level. Recoil from the trend towards the state and the stability of the same, so varied approaches that seek to put forward the appropriate treatment to understand the predicament of instability in Iraq.
The most prominent of these approaches can be identified:
First: the historical approach: proof and negation
This approach is based on reviewing the issue of the existence of Iraq historically, whether historical or political review. In this approach, the debate revolves around proving the historical existence. This approach was adopted by researchers who produced historical research orientations, including the British Henry Foster, This approach for a certain period of the last century to a scientific framework explaining the ongoing unrest in Iraq, and transformations are not finished, but after a while became indecisive, although it could not address the questions posed to them, of these questions: Is it intended to prove the existence of historic Iraq The Political What political system and legal institutions? Is the proof of non-existence prevents from being a state of common feeling among those who live in Iraq in order to preserve the survival of the place and society?
Second: Social approach: conflict between community and society
This approach starts from the difficulty of verifying the launch of the concept of society on the social components in Iraq, and whether these components bear the common features that contribute to the impact of the permanent crises and access to this community to the stage of stability, so this approach that what exists in Iraq different groups ethnically and doctrinal falls Characterizing them within the concept of the local community and carrying these groups cultural distinctions that hinder reaching the stage of pluralism within the framework of the unity and does not accept the smelting operations intended by the
Authority.
The most prominent of the adoption of this approach is the Iraqi sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and then Dr. Faleh Abdul-Jabbar and the subsequent researchers in the field of social sciences. This social approach has been developed by researchers in front of a scientific challenge, especially with regard to how to reach the level of the nation - the state, which was a political form that was formulated in the middle of the nineteenth century and after the end of the Second World War and the Westphalia Convention, but what is taken on this approach is that it left its perceptions open to many questions such as the transition from the stage of groups to society, Transition linked In the style of power and trends, and therefore ask: What is the pattern of the relationship between the two phases, and also what impact the economic side in this transition? As if we are with the social approach, we are looking at Marxist-oriented statements without adopting this, with disregard for the nature of culture and the personality style.
In the writings of these social approaches, as mentioned earlier, the writings of Ali Al-Wardi are important, but they need a theoretical and systematic review that takes into consideration the scientific changes that have occurred in the social sciences worldwide. This is confirmed by the tremendous transformations that have occurred in the philosophy of social sciences since From the 1970s to the present, to name just a few, it is enough to review the work of the British philosopher Karl Popper in this area on the test of the ability of social sciences to provide appropriate explanations for new social issues.
Third: Political approach: Focus on power and its conditions
This approach emerged in the nineties of the last century is no less important than the social and historical approaches, as it relied mainly on the analysis of the content of the authority and the requirements of the composition and type of leadership produced, and therefore felt that the instability is linked to the content of power and its role in society, The pattern of social relations and practices of domination and control of society, and its interpretation of what is happening in society from a conflict is a reflection of what is happening in power.
Many books that adhere to this approach have written what Farhad Ibrahim wrote about "Sectarianism and Politics in the Arab World" and Hasan al-Alawi's book on "Shiites and the Nation State." He co-authored "The Invention of Iraq" between reviewing the proof of historical and political existence and the rise of power by the outside world.
The political approach dominated the overall research on the crisis of instability in Iraq after that, but like other approaches, it was devoid of interest in influential and vital factors in producing instability. This approach did not answer the question of how authority emerged in Iraq. But also the social processes it underwent until it crystallized in the royal and republican models. This approach also ignored the analysis of the political pattern of the participating groups of power and parties formed since the emergence of political Iraq.
This approach also failed to analyze the cost of establishing power in Iraq and what was consumed economically for the cost of establishing power. In his important book, "The Iraqi Economy: Oil, Development, War, Destruction, Prospects," Dr. Abbas Nasrawi said that Iraq suffered losses of up to 180 Billion dollars as a result of the fluctuations of power and conflicts entered after 1950, and also notes the difficulty of Iraq to crystallize the middle class and stability in its social and economic features reflect a social incubator to establish the state and stability.
But there is a constant change of the layer in its meaning and content, and this is what Hanna Battato encountered in his book known about Iraq, when he sought to characterize Iraqi society, and is it a society of layers or categories that reach the meaning of social movements? Batatto worked on the scientific mixture between the concepts of "class and class" by questioning social formations that were subject to gathering processes and were influenced by social and economic conditions. These groups included landowners and supervisors. Hence, the employees followed the different social contexts of each of them. The beginning of the formation of a new authority, other new formations are created with an emphasis on the formations that preceded it. This indicates that the standards and values that influence the production of a stable relationship between power and society can not be established.
Stability.
The mere rotation of the three "historical, social, and political" approaches to an attempt to analyze what is going on in Iraq will lead to a scientific and systematic repetition that impedes the production of the appropriate practical perception. There are many other factors that have made these previous approaches dependent on two main factors: "history and politics" without looking at the other factors that are at the forefront of the geographical factor.
Fourth: The geographical approach: The place is the one who defines the contexts of power and style:
When we focus on geography in this approach, we do not intend to rely on this place alone without taking into account the two main factors: "location and territory."
It is perhaps not far from this approach that Gamal al-Ghitani described in his book on Iraq as "the guards of the eastern gate." This description of Iraq is not far from the geographical diagnosis. The location of Iraq Which is located on the eastern end of the map of the Arab world made it bears the feature of the portal from which the arrivals from Asia and comes out of the Akawama, and this was before the emergence of the state in 1921. When we consider the geographical meaning of the gate will note that it does not have the function of control and control only through who controls Here we need to link Between the geographical approach and the political approach when studying the subject of power, because the difficulty of reaching the stage of stability depends on understanding and analyzing the relationship of conflict between place and power. Another difficulty is the control of the place that has led to a significant sleep of various forms of tyranny. With regard to the region, Iraq has occurred in a geographical contradiction "regional" and placed at the intersection of social and political made it face constant impact because of its location, as most of the countries bordering Iraq have an effective it except two countries, "Jordan, Kuwait" and I mean they are loss of influence The Iraqi geography has become a place to show the regional power of these countries. For example, the beginning of the first negotiation between Iran and the US was in Baghdad, and the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia is necessary. To be done across Iraq, wi The antagonism between power and space remains the key to the semi-permanent feature of instability
in Iraq.
Researcher in anthropology[/rtl]

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Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

Iraq and the challenges of instability: proposed approaches to interpretation

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