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The Bologna process and the development of the higher education system in Iraq
Iraq 2023/08/30
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Dr. Naeem Al-Aboudi
It is not easy for countries to take a decision to develop their educational systems because this type of decision in all countries of the world is linked to complex and multifaceted processes affected by social, cultural, economic, technological and even political factors and dynamics.
And if there is a correlation between the development of educational systems and the changing needs and aspirations of societies, then the obsolescence of our educational institutions in Iraq and their forced removal over decades of time due to absurd conflicts and wars over the development of higher education systems in the world has led to a gap between the capacity of our universities and the requirements of Academic quality.
Hence, it has become necessary to think about finding real solutions to reform the structure of our academic institutions by benefiting from what is happening in the world in terms of reform initiatives in the higher education industry, which necessitated us to go to apply the European experience in reforming higher education, which is called (the Bologna Process), which began to be implemented. In Europe since the end of the nineties of the last century, to begin with a set of fundamental reforms in higher education frameworks and dynamic decisions that brought about an important change in European educational systems.
The (Bologna Process) carries goals and indications for higher education institutions in Europe, including that the process of renewal and reform was launched from the oldest university there during the conference of the prestigious Italian University of Bologna, which is the oldest university in the European Union, and also that universities should not be ashamed or hesitate In developing its educational systems in accordance with the requirements of the new process of actions aimed at harmonizing systems and standards of higher education throughout Europe in order to establish the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) to be more compatible and interdependent in the areas of cooperation and mutual recognition.
The Bologna Process is not an educational system in itself, but rather a framework that includes a set of reforms and agreements between countries that focus on different aspects of higher education, including the adoption of a joint degree structure of three stages - Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate - to facilitate student mobility and comparability of qualifications, and the use of a transfer system and European Credit Accumulation (ECTS) to measure and compare student workload making it easier for students to transfer credits between institutions and countries, implement quality mechanisms and requirements and ensure consistent teaching across institutions and countries, and promote mobility of students and staff through initiatives such as the Erasmus+ programme, which encourages students and faculty To study and work in various European countries, to establish a system for the recognition of qualifications across participating countries, to allow students to have their degrees recognized in countries, to encourage lifelong learning by providing flexible and diversified educational opportunities and to recognize the importance of integration into higher education and to fosterAccessibility and equal opportunity.
The Bologna Process has achieved all these goals for the Europeans, and for the countries that followed this system from outside the European Union, which were later called (Friends of the Bologna Process), in which Iraq is a candidate member based on what was announced by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research on (January 12, 2022) to improve And renewing the higher education system in Iraq with a national vision and global tools adopted in the major international educational systems.
Our decision to initiate these reforms did not come out of nowhere, but rather came after a serious evaluation and review of the current situation of the higher education environment and its institutions, which will witness an update in terms of adopting the curriculum imposed by the Bologna process, which is the student-based-learning curriculum, because the subject-based curriculum has become In the past, it is no longer a motivator for both the student and the professor, and that the student-based curriculum puts the interests, needs, and capabilities of students in the foreground, and aims to adapt the educational experience to the characteristics of each learner, organizing learning according to specific skills or competencies, and students’ progress in the course based on their clear mastery of the skills offered by this curriculum.From all of the above, we can conclude that the reform process approved by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq is a need, not a luxury, because the obsolescence of the educational system and its associated curriculum necessitates an update on the level of evaluation and quality in order to achieve compatibility with the needs of the student and society, and that joining the process Educational reform in Europe has its benefits, including, but not limited to, that the student will be able to move easily between universities and it is possible to study or work in the future in European Union countries without the need for academic clearing.
One of the indicators of success is that the process of launching these reforms was accompanied by discussion sessions with experts from UNESCO who work inside Iraq on the project to develop vocational and technical education fully funded by the European Union, where they supported the project through an official letter to the ministry through the director of the UNESCO office in Baghdad.
In the midst of this positive atmosphere, we expect the participation of a high-ranking delegation from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the work of the Conference of Ministers of Education in the European Union for Higher Education in mid-May 2024 and the forum that will be held on its sidelines in the Albanian capital (Tirana) presenting the experience of Iraq and entering into the agreements and discussions organized for this. The process and benefiting from the privileges provided by this process after Iraq began to be officially invited to participate in the questionnaires addressed to the countries that adopt the Bologna process.
The responsibility entrusted to us requires us to intensify efforts and direct them correctly in order to reap the results in a record time compared to what it took for some countries to rehabilitate their institutions and transform them towards the Bologna process. European higher education and the development of assessment and evaluation qualifications would enable our universities to achieve the desired qualitative development.
* Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research
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