Saddam's Baath, the catastrophe of a homeland and the tragedy of a people

Saddam's Baath, the catastrophe of a homeland and the tragedy of a people



27/8/2017 1:13 AM

[Baath Party and one approach .. in violation of human rights]
Baghdad / Sabah
And dozens of scientists and references), and allocates ornaments of paragraphs of the subject of the physical liquidation carried out by the former regime against the cadres and advocates of the Islamic Dawa Party and secular parties and personalities opposed to the Baath Authority, and the researcher refers to the forced displacement and the removal of Iraqi nationality for thousands of Iraqis on the pretext of dependency of other nationalities, The violations carried out by the research to the environment in Iraq, and the destruction of the cultural life of the Iraqis to prevent thousands of books and even to prosecute those found in possession, and at the end of the subject (miscellaneous violations) Private AD, which ruled the execution of tens of thousands of Iraqi people unjustly and disappeared in prison twice those silos numbers, and the objections of international human rights bodies on the provisions of Saddam's courts.


The third part is a
variety of violations
1 - Liquidation of references to religion and scientists:
The Baath Party committed its historic crime of executing the religious authority and Islamic thinker Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister, the scholar Amna al-Sadr (Bint al-Huda) on April 9, 1980, and executed at least 16 scientists and personalities from The family of the religious authority Ayatollah Sayyed Muhsin al-Hakim, the sons and relatives of the religious authority Ayatollah al-Sayyid al-Khoei, the assassinated religious authority Ayatollah Gharawi and the religious authority Ayatollah Burojerdi, the martyr Abdul Aziz al-Badri, the martyr Nazim al-Asi, Mr. Mohamed Sadiq Al Dr. Mustafa and his two sons worlds and Mu'ammil, and the assassination of scientists outside Iraq , such as the martyr Mr. Mehdi Muhsin al - Hakim, and others.
2 - Liquidation of Islamic political parties, headed by the Islamic Dawa Party:
Saddam Hussein signed the so-called (Revolutionary Command Council) Decree No. 461 of 31 March 1980, which sought to prosecute, monitor and interrogate the relatives of members of the Islamic Dawa Party and expel them from their jobs in the state, especially those working in the army, police, security, foreign affairs and energy. Area of ​​exclusion and recognition.
3 - Liquidation of secular political parties: The
liquidation included members of the national parties, communism, socialism and other secular parties with the death and liquidation decisions. Many of these parties were executed inside Iraq and their cadres migrated out of Iraq.
4 - Ba'ath party's opponents' preparations for its regime, including:
• Issuing orders to assassinate hundreds of Iraqi political, academic and opposition figures inside Iraq.
• Pursuit of the opponents of the regime outside Iraq and their assassination or transfer them into Iraq secretly with the complicity of some Arab regimes in Lebanon, Algeria, Kuwait, Jordan, Tunisia, as well as in Pakistan and killing them under torture.
• The use of deadly toxins such as thallium, which is known as the Iraqi poison and the establishment of acid baths Altizab as a means of the system to liquidate political opponents.
• The crime of detaining thousands of Iraqi youth (including some young women and children) as hostages to the regime during the displacement of their families abroad and then completely disappearing and promising them missing or deceased.
• Ordering the burial of Iraqi detainees, including children and women, in mass graves throughout Iraq.
• Issuing orders to bomb Shiite holy cities of Kerbala and Najaf with surface-to-surface missiles and bombarding its civilian population with aircraft, killing hundreds of children and women.
• The crime of committing massacres, arrests and the ensuing events in the march of 40 Hussein in 1977, known as the events of zero, or the uprising of zero.
• The crime of genocide against the city of Jizan al-Jawwal.
• The issuance of unfair legislation signed by the head of the regime on the need to divorce Iraqis for their spouses of Iranian origin and the demolition of the family entity.
• Issuing unfair legislation to abolish Iraqi citizenship against Iraqis who are opposed to the regime or naturalized in Iraqi citizenship and retroactively.
• Withdrawal of university and educational degrees from Iraqi academics who refrain from meeting the demands of the Baath party.
• The national felony includes converting the national affiliation of non-Arab Iraqis (Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Armenians, Shabaks and Yazidis) into Arab national affiliation and Arabization and issuing unfair legislation to Arabize the names of newborns.
• Violation of the honor of Iraqi women in prisons and detention centers. Torture and rape of hundreds of Iraqi women in detention centers to force them to tell the authorities about the whereabouts of their husbands or work for security or Saddam's intelligence.
• Abducting Iraqi women from the streets and assaulting them in secret prisons and detention centers of the regime and then killing them to hide the crime.
5. Deportation, deportation and forced exile of the population:
On April 10, 1980, the Ba'athist Interior Ministry issued its resolution 2884, which classified travelers out of Iraq, including clerics and students of religious sciences, families of the opposition to the Baathist regime, including Islamists, Kurds and Assyrians, Iraqi families with Iraqi citizenship, Regime, and Iraqi merchants who are not loyal to the regime. The Baath regime left the deportees a distance before the Iraqi-Iranian border, in abnormal conditions and harsh weather. Many died as a result of these conditions or the explosion of mines planted in the border area. To detain young people from separated families between the ages of 18 and 28 years in prisons or special detention centers. The number of young people detained is estimated at 70,000, mostly from the Fili Kurds. It is reported that they were subsequently killed either by their involvement in the war with Iran, or by the execution or displacement of a number of them.
The displacement included hundreds of thousands of Kurds towards Iran and Turkey when the threat of chemical weapons was used against them after the uprising of March 1991, and thousands of people who participated in the uprising of Shaaban in 1991 or the uprisings after or before or during the multiple Gulf wars to Saudi Arabia and other countries.
6 - Confiscation of the right to national identity, and the displacement of Iraqis sectarian or racist:
The Baath Party carried out several campaigns to displace Iraqi citizens with racist arguments, has abandoned at least a quarter of a million Iraqis out of Iraq on the grounds that their assets Iranian or Pakistani or other, in 1970 1980, 1991 and 2003, depriving them of all their possessions and money, and holding their children between the ages of 18 and 28 since April 1980. Thousands of Iraqis did not find their children after the fall of Saddam Hussein and their return to Iraq after 2003, meaning they became victims of mass graves.
7. Environmental pollution by harmful radiation and mines.
8 - Burning of oil wells and causing pollution of the environment and the spread of diseases and killing of fish and animals:
Ba'ath regime burned 727 oil wells during the occupation of Kuwait in January 1991 and the gases resulting from the combustion of oil A cloud polluted the environment for hundreds of kilometers, and published reports to be more than 128 oil sites Causing the largest incident of the formation of oil lakes.
9. Use of chemical and biological weapons and poisons against political prisoners and dissidents against the regime and during its aggressive wars:
Saddam's regime and the Baath Party used chemical weapons in its war against Iran in 1980-1988. Chemical weapons were used to suppress the popular popular uprising in several Iraqi provinces in 1991 and chemical weapons were used against the people of the southern Iraqi marshes in March, April, The regime used poisonous thalium poison to poison opponents of its regime in the years 1980-2003.
10 - Prevent books and culture opposition to the regime: The regime
banned all books and all kinds of culture opposed to its policy, and arrest, torture or death is the fate of anyone who has one book, Mohammed B Sadr or other intellectuals of the Islamic Dawa Party, and generations of children and young people of Iraq have been subjected to cultural backwardness because of the conditions of cultural and educational deprivation created by the regime.
11. Revolutionary Courts, Special Courts and Human Rights of Iraq:
The former regime has disrupted the independent Iraqi judicial system through the establishment of the Revolutionary Court, which has become the legal framework for the issuance of tens of thousands of death sentences and other sentences in mock trials in which the convicts have no time limit, And then read the sentence immediately after the provision without any discussion or argument beyond the law.
The Revolutionary Command Council (Ba'athist) formed the Revolutionary Court in Baghdad on 9/12/1968 under Decree No. 180 of 1968. Several amendments were made to this resolution in 1969, resolutions 1, 85 and 120, and amendment No. 1016 of 1/8/78, The terms of reference of the Court were set out in Resolution No. 565 of 30 April 1979, and Resolution No. 85 allows the formation of a military or civilian court or both. The revolutionary courts are competent to issue exceptional (revolutionary) decisions regarding the Iraqi political opposition.
These courts have violated Iraqi human rights on several levels, including:
• Absence of judicial justice because it is revolutionary and exceptional and does not scrutinize its decisions.
• Most members of the court are Baathists. They are only interested in making decisions that satisfy the regime of Saddam Hussein. They do not take into consideration neutrality or independence in their decisions. Military officers have been appointed to run such courts without any judicial or legal or legal knowledge.
• Absence of defense rights for defendants.
• The revolutionary courts do not contact the judiciary in Iraq and the Ministry of Justice, but directly contact Saddam Hussein's office.
• Decisions are categorical, not appealable.
• Iraqis do not know what these trials are, how many have been prosecuted, executed or imprisoned, because they are secret courts, the public does not read them, and they do not give any information about them to the press and publication.
Human rights organizations everywhere have protested against the existence of such courts as the UN Human Rights Conferences, Amnesty International, and the Arab Organization for Human
Rights.
In its response to Amnesty International's 1982 questions about Iraq, Iraq stated that this is an exceptional judicial revolutionary court required by the stage and circumstances of the revolution. This court may be abolished after the revolutionary transition that necessitated its establishment. Amnesty responded that " What explains the revolutionary transformation and the unity of the country by giving the defendants the basic legal guarantees they deserve. In the Iraqi government's response to Van der Deutsche's report on 25 October 1991, the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) No. 140 on 19/5/1991), which means the end of the stage of transformation And the revolution in Iraq after crushing the uprising of the people in March 1991. (Follow the next and last episode ...)

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