Iran and its armed opposition.. Baghdad goes through with the agreement, with Tehran’s hand on the trigger
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Baghdad Today - Baghdad
Iran stresses the need for Iraq to implement the security agreement between the two countries regarding the disarmament of the Iranian opposition based in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.
On March 19, 2023, Iraq and Iran signed a joint security report between the two countries in Baghdad, which was signed on behalf of the Iraqi side by National Security Advisor Qassem Al-Araji, and on the Iranian side by Ali Shamkhani. The report includes coordination in protecting the common borders between the two countries and consolidating joint cooperation in several security fields. .
The minutes include “coordination in protecting the common borders between the two countries, and consolidating joint cooperation in several security fields,” according to the Prime Minister’s Office.
Tehran stressed the need for Iraq to fully implement the agreement to disarm those groups, which it described as “terrorist and separatist.”
An arrival that has not been achieved for 3 decades
In a procedure that is the first of its kind since 1991, the regular Iraqi forces arrived late last week at the northeastern border with Iran from the direction of the Iraqi Kurdistan region, and achieved a wide deployment there, after their withdrawal from it following the invasion of the former Iraqi regime of the State of Kuwait in 1990, and its consequences. The northern provinces with a Kurdish majority are out of Baghdad's control.
The Iraqi forces of the Border Guard and the Iraqi Army, along with officers from the National Intelligence and Security Service, set up at least 30 military barracks with medium and heavy weapons and armor, with the participation of the Peshmerga forces of the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.
Observers said, "The agreement has not been fully implemented yet, and what has been implemented is the part related to removing these groups from the border strip between the two countries."
Clear agreement
However, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that the entire border with Iran was secured and the opposition Iranian Kurdish parties were removed from the border strip between the two countries in northern Iraq.
Ministry spokesman Ahmed Al-Sahhaf said in a press statement, “The Iraqi government has begun implementing procedures to secure the common border with Iran in coordination with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government.”
Al-Sahhaf added that this was done in accordance with the “clear-cut” agreement concluded between the two parties, and in accordance with Iraq’s commitment to its constitution, which affirms that “Iraqi lands shall not be used as a headquarters or a corridor to cause damage or harm to any of the neighboring countries.”
At the end of last August, both Baghdad and Tehran announced the signing of a security agreement between the two countries stipulating the dismantling of Iranian Kurdish opposition camps located in the Kurdistan-Iraq region on the border with Iran, in northern Iraq. The agreement stipulates that Tehran will stop its military operations inside the Iraqi border towns, in exchange for Baghdad dismantling the opposition groups, removing them from the border with Iran, and handing over those wanted among them.
Under the agreement, Tehran demands that the Baghdad government disarm the opposition and active organizations in northern Iraq until September 19, which ended last Tuesday.
International welcome
The Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations in Iraq, Jeanine Plasschaert, described that "what was achieved by removing these groups from the agreement, the caves and shelters near the border and moving them away from it is an important and major step that requires our responsibility to protect them and complete the implementation of the other stages of the agreement."
Iranian wave
In statements to Iranian television last Friday, Iranian Chief of Staff Mohammad Bagheri said that what he called terrorist and separatist groups in Iraq had moved away from the borders with his country, and that the security agreement between the two countries, the implementation of which was decided to end until last Tuesday, stipulates the complete disarmament of these groups. .
Bagheri demanded that what was stated in the agreement - which was signed by the secretaries of the Iranian and Iraqi National Security Councils about 6 months ago - be fully implemented, and he stressed the necessity of completely disarming them and expelling them from Iraq.
He announced that the Iranian Armed Forces "will wait some time and send teams to verify the disarmament of those groups and then decide what measures to take."
Iraqi reassurance
But an Iraqi official confirmed that the Iranian Kurdish groups have become far from the border. He, an official in the Iraqi National Security Advisory, said, “The replacement and takeover operations are continuing, and there is a great response by the Iranian Kurdish groups to Baghdad in sparing it a scenario of military action in which there is no winner, either us or them.” ".
He added, "So far, 9,000 Iranian Kurds, who are members of opposition groups and their families, have been transferred to other places far enough from the Iranian border, with the withdrawal of artillery weapons, shells, and mortars of 120 and 82 mm caliber."
For his part, Iraqi security expert Fadel Abu Ragheef believes that the disarmament of Iranian opposition armed groups may be “partial, and in specific geographical areas, according to the Iraqi-Turkish experience with regard to the Turkish Kurdistan Workers’ Party, as well as Iraq’s transfer of those groups to other areas and without its weapons and issuing strict rulings on the use of weapons.”
Abu Ragheef says that the process of organizing these groups will be more important than disarming them, and “there may be violent reactions from the Iranian side if the agreement is not implemented by those groups, especially the Komala and opposition Free Life Kurdistan parties.” He considered that The agreement "will pass smoothly, but not quietly."
Cautious optimism
It is expected that the residents of the Iraqi Kurdish villages that were abandoned by their people due to fears of the outbreak of confrontations with the Iranian side will begin to gradually return to them, according to what the mayor of the village of Debaka, Shawan Qadir, said, who pointed out that “optimism about the return of the villagers heralds the end of the crisis and the return of life to more than 90 abandoned or semi-abandoned villages on the Iranian-Iraqi border south of Erbil and north of Sulaymaniyah.”
It is noteworthy that the Iranian opposition parties present in Iraqi Kurdistan, which Tehran accuses of carrying out armed operations within its territory, belong to the regions of Iranian Kurdistan, such as Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah, and Ilam Province.
Iranian Kurdish opponents immigrated to Iraq to form an opposition on the border between the two countries. Despite their belonging to one nationality, they have multiple political backgrounds, and many of these parties carry leftist ideas.
Among the most prominent of these parties are the Kurdistan Democratic Party (Hadak), the Iranian Kurdistan Democratic Party, the Call and Reform Group, the Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAC), as well as the Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), and the “Khabat” and “Komala” parties.
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