[ltr]US newspaper reveals the secret of the success of "nuclear Korea" .. And the failure of Saddam Hussein and Gaddafi to own it[/ltr]
[ltr]Arab and international[/ltr]
Since 2018-01-04 at 09:01 (Baghdad time)
[ltr][/ltr]
[ltr]Follow up of Mawazine News[/ltr]
[ltr]North Korea was able to acquire a nuclear weapon, even though it is not a major economic country. What is the secret that enabled it to do so while other countries such as Iraq and Libya failed?[/ltr]
[ltr]The Washington Post identified three key factors behind North Korea's success in acquiring a nuclear weapon.[/ltr]
[ltr]Three key factors behind the success were Kim Jong-un's nuclear weapons.[/ltr]
[ltr]According to the report, after the success of his father, Kim Jong-il, in late 2011, Kim Jong-un made access to advanced nuclear weapons and their means of delivery the main goal, reorienting resources to the missile program, calling for science as the top priorities of the system, and linking his image gradually to science and scientists .[/ltr]
[ltr]On the contrary, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Libyan Muammar Gaddafi, for example, did not put the issue of developing nuclear weapons as their priority. Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990, at a time when he had achieved remarkable progress in the Iraqi nuclear program, but the invasion of Kuwait attracted him The United States, and otherwise it would have been very likely that Iraq would acquire nuclear weapons by the mid-late 1990s.[/ltr]
[ltr]Throughout the 1990s, Gaddafi sought nuclear weapons while at the same time continuing with the United States, offering to abandon him in return for improved bilateral relations. In the end, he abandoned his program as part of an agreement with the United States and Britain in late 2003, Post.[/ltr]
[ltr]Gaddafi's decision was bleak, as North Korean officials have repeatedly indicated, because the United States and the NATO-led coalition supported an uprising that ousted him in 2011, according to The Washington Post.[/ltr]
[ltr]But Kim Jong-un stepped out of his father's approach to the nuclear program. His father put the nuclear program in a freeze in the 1990s as part of a negotiated framework between the United States and North Korea.[/ltr]
[ltr]The second axis was that Kim Jong provided protection to scientists. His administration's strategy differed from his father. The father was ruled by institutions and did not appear to raise scientists above other elites. Kim Jong-un has taken a different approach by providing protection to scientists, offering them exclusive privileges, including better food rations and new apartments.[/ltr]
[ltr]Kim Jong-un was reportedly not killed by any scientist; he developed a reputation for being tolerant of their failures as part of the scientific learning process. It appears to have adopted a meritocracy approach to involving scientists in military programs and in selecting a new generation of scientific leaders.[/ltr]
[ltr]Saddam has also made Iraq's nuclear program more dependent on the principle of merit, and has counteracted efforts by members of the Baath party to oust non-Baathists from the program. Iraqi nuclear scientists have enjoyed a range of benefits and have received almost unlimited resources despite restrictions on the Iraqi economy.[/ltr]
[ltr]But Gaddafi did not provide protection to nuclear scientists by any means: their salaries were low, and they were forced to serve in the armed forces like any other citizen. The Libyan nuclear program had to compete with other institutions, especially the oil sector, to get the best minds. Because Gaddafi did not want to invest in higher education in science and technology - which he saw as a major source of opposition to the regime - the right candidates for the program were few.[/ltr]
[ltr]The analysis suggests that the third reason is self-reliance. Although North Korea has been assisted throughout its pursuit, using foreign scientists, buying and trading essential technology with other countries and win-win networks, it benefited from these trade-offs more than Iraq and Libya.[/ltr]
[ltr]According to the analysis, one reason may be that when China reduced its support for North Korea, Pyongyang developed a domestic nuclear energy and weapons program. This gave its scientists valuable experience and paved the way for them[/ltr]
[ltr]Gaddafi wire the opposite approach, outsourcing to acquire the core technology instead of developing those capabilities internally. The Libyans felt betrayed by their suppliers in the black nuclear market, especially from AQ Khan, who sold them old equipment they had suffered for their operation. But their main problem was the inadequacy of their internal resources.[/ltr]
[ltr]When Saddam Hussein ordered his scientists to start the nuclear weapons program after an Israeli attack on a nuclear reactor in 1981, he directed them to adopt the technology they could master and avoid seeking outside help that would have caught the attention of the outside world. Scientists have adopted old technology that has not been effective in many ways, but which Iraqi scientists could master and control themselves. After several years of trial and error, Iraqis began to make progress, but the invasion of Kuwait squandered efforts before they were completed.[/ltr]
[ltr]is over[/ltr]
[ltr]M[/ltr]
[ltr]https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mawazin.net%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%2F%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&edit-text=
[/ltr]
[ltr]Arab and international[/ltr]
Since 2018-01-04 at 09:01 (Baghdad time)
[ltr][/ltr]
[ltr]Follow up of Mawazine News[/ltr]
[ltr]North Korea was able to acquire a nuclear weapon, even though it is not a major economic country. What is the secret that enabled it to do so while other countries such as Iraq and Libya failed?[/ltr]
[ltr]The Washington Post identified three key factors behind North Korea's success in acquiring a nuclear weapon.[/ltr]
[ltr]Three key factors behind the success were Kim Jong-un's nuclear weapons.[/ltr]
[ltr]According to the report, after the success of his father, Kim Jong-il, in late 2011, Kim Jong-un made access to advanced nuclear weapons and their means of delivery the main goal, reorienting resources to the missile program, calling for science as the top priorities of the system, and linking his image gradually to science and scientists .[/ltr]
[ltr]On the contrary, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Libyan Muammar Gaddafi, for example, did not put the issue of developing nuclear weapons as their priority. Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990, at a time when he had achieved remarkable progress in the Iraqi nuclear program, but the invasion of Kuwait attracted him The United States, and otherwise it would have been very likely that Iraq would acquire nuclear weapons by the mid-late 1990s.[/ltr]
[ltr]Throughout the 1990s, Gaddafi sought nuclear weapons while at the same time continuing with the United States, offering to abandon him in return for improved bilateral relations. In the end, he abandoned his program as part of an agreement with the United States and Britain in late 2003, Post.[/ltr]
[ltr]Gaddafi's decision was bleak, as North Korean officials have repeatedly indicated, because the United States and the NATO-led coalition supported an uprising that ousted him in 2011, according to The Washington Post.[/ltr]
[ltr]But Kim Jong-un stepped out of his father's approach to the nuclear program. His father put the nuclear program in a freeze in the 1990s as part of a negotiated framework between the United States and North Korea.[/ltr]
[ltr]The second axis was that Kim Jong provided protection to scientists. His administration's strategy differed from his father. The father was ruled by institutions and did not appear to raise scientists above other elites. Kim Jong-un has taken a different approach by providing protection to scientists, offering them exclusive privileges, including better food rations and new apartments.[/ltr]
[ltr]Kim Jong-un was reportedly not killed by any scientist; he developed a reputation for being tolerant of their failures as part of the scientific learning process. It appears to have adopted a meritocracy approach to involving scientists in military programs and in selecting a new generation of scientific leaders.[/ltr]
[ltr]Saddam has also made Iraq's nuclear program more dependent on the principle of merit, and has counteracted efforts by members of the Baath party to oust non-Baathists from the program. Iraqi nuclear scientists have enjoyed a range of benefits and have received almost unlimited resources despite restrictions on the Iraqi economy.[/ltr]
[ltr]But Gaddafi did not provide protection to nuclear scientists by any means: their salaries were low, and they were forced to serve in the armed forces like any other citizen. The Libyan nuclear program had to compete with other institutions, especially the oil sector, to get the best minds. Because Gaddafi did not want to invest in higher education in science and technology - which he saw as a major source of opposition to the regime - the right candidates for the program were few.[/ltr]
[ltr]The analysis suggests that the third reason is self-reliance. Although North Korea has been assisted throughout its pursuit, using foreign scientists, buying and trading essential technology with other countries and win-win networks, it benefited from these trade-offs more than Iraq and Libya.[/ltr]
[ltr]According to the analysis, one reason may be that when China reduced its support for North Korea, Pyongyang developed a domestic nuclear energy and weapons program. This gave its scientists valuable experience and paved the way for them[/ltr]
[ltr]Gaddafi wire the opposite approach, outsourcing to acquire the core technology instead of developing those capabilities internally. The Libyans felt betrayed by their suppliers in the black nuclear market, especially from AQ Khan, who sold them old equipment they had suffered for their operation. But their main problem was the inadequacy of their internal resources.[/ltr]
[ltr]When Saddam Hussein ordered his scientists to start the nuclear weapons program after an Israeli attack on a nuclear reactor in 1981, he directed them to adopt the technology they could master and avoid seeking outside help that would have caught the attention of the outside world. Scientists have adopted old technology that has not been effective in many ways, but which Iraqi scientists could master and control themselves. After several years of trial and error, Iraqis began to make progress, but the invasion of Kuwait squandered efforts before they were completed.[/ltr]
[ltr]is over[/ltr]
[ltr]M[/ltr]
[ltr]https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mawazin.net%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%2F%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&edit-text=
[/ltr]
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