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Adjusting the course to China as the path to poverty alleviation / according to the common characteristics of China and Iraq
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[rtl]Researcher in Finance and Private Sector Development Dr. Aqil Jabr Ali Al-Muhammadawi[/rtl]
[rtl]Talking about poverty alleviation in China is often full of numbers, data, tables and charts. It is a topic that mixes politics, economics, natural sciences, social studies and statistical analyses. I imagine that many Chinese people - let alone foreigners - cannot provide a simple explanation of China's path to poverty alleviation in the modern era. It is easy to talk about the results, which can be summarized in a few words... China has gotten rid of poverty! However, even this conclusion remains controversial and debated, considering that poverty is a relative issue in general. There are many ways to define poverty, including extreme poverty, relative poverty, subjective poverty, food and non-food poverty, and poverty of capabilities.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty alleviation plays an important role in uniting various social actors, integrating resources, coordinating social mechanisms, increasing welfare, stimulating intrinsic motivation, and improving the governance system in rural areas. This policy aims to eliminate poverty and uses innovation, coordination, greening, openness, and common development as its driving force. All of this aims to build a poverty alleviation model that involves the participation of government, market, and society, and represents the "Chinese solution" to poverty alleviation that can be implemented all over the world, including the possibility of application in Iraq.[/rtl]
[rtl]In this context, researcher Maryam Islahi says: The Chinese experience stands out as one of the most successful experiences, which has gained wide popularity, making it a model worthy of study and discussion. This success was not a coincidence, but rather the result of its conviction of the necessity of eradicating poverty by undertaking radical reforms itself, and its belief that success is the only criterion for measuring the approach and its effectiveness.[/rtl]
[rtl]China's institutional model for poverty alleviation includes the stage of targeted support for the most needy after the founding of New China, the stage of regional poverty alleviation during the reform and opening-up period, the stage of poverty alleviation to accelerate the pace of development. During the period of rapid economic growth in China, and the stage of finally eliminating poverty during the period of building a moderately prosperous society. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has attached special importance to poverty alleviation in public administration, mobilized resources, and adopted a series of policies, so that the fight against poverty has achieved its goal. The highest results in history First, the sharp decline in the number of beggars and the frequency of impoverishment of citizens - by the end of 2019, the number of poor people in China had dropped to 5.5 million and the poverty rate had dropped to 0.6%. Second, the overall social and economic development level of backward regions and the living standard of the poor have been improved. [/rtl]
[rtl]Third, form an institutional system and improve the political system to combat poverty. Fourth, increase internal capacity and expand opportunities to improve the well-being of the poor. Fifth, form a social management system at the grassroots level in rural areas, which greatly expands the capacity to eliminate poverty [Zhang Jie, 2019: 1]. Thus, the country has taken a specific path, accumulating “Chinese experience” that has proven useful in poverty reduction around the world.[/rtl]
[rtl]Fundamentals of combating poverty[/rtl]
[rtl]In the 1990s, the concept of “struggle” emerged on a global scale, or what is termed “governance” – “management”, and scholars have given this term a new meaning [Yu Keping, 2001: 40-44]. James N. Rosenau, one of the founders of management theory, believes that management is an activity supported by a common goal. The main subject of this management activity need not be government, nor does it necessarily require the use of coercive power by the state to implement it [Rosenau, 1995: 5]. The Commission on Global Governance notes that “governance is the set of many ways in which individuals and institutions, public and private, manage the common good. It is an ongoing process of reconciling conflicting or divergent interests and taking joint action, involving formal institutions and regulations that are legally binding on citizens, as well as a variety of informal arrangements” [Commission on Global Governance, 1995: 23]. [/rtl]
[rtl]In the results, the World Bank says in a published report entitled “Harnessing China’s Economic Growth to Reduce Poverty” and states: Based on the results of poverty research and analysis, the government used demonstration projects financed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to test new multi-sectoral approaches that take into account market requirements to guide poverty reduction policies.[/rtl]
[rtl]In the context of the close connection between the political and the social, we must point out the political system, which is the Communist Party, which takes Marxism-Leninism as its reference as a socialist system - with Chinese characteristics - which had a major role in formulating poverty alleviation policies, which ultimately formed a social driving force for the will to live together. It is closer to the approach of practices and principles of Islamic social solidarity in Iraq, but it needs mechanisms and standard models. This meaning specifically is explained by Ali Reza Karaki, who says: “Rights and duties summarize the image of the thorny relationships between those in charge of business, jobs, trade, etc., and accordingly, social relations in themselves are a type of social living.” [/rtl]
[rtl]Based on these facts, the Chinese government has updated its definition of poverty and defined its view of the poor citizen more precisely. In this context, Liu Yongfu, director of the Office of the Leading Team for Aid to the Poor of the State Council of China, said in his statement to the media: “Eliminating poverty means that the poor do not have to worry about lack of food and clothing, and ensuring compulsory basic education, basic medical care and housing.” [/rtl]
[rtl]According to a report published in February 2021 by the Chinese news agency Xinhua, the country has invested nearly 1.6 trillion yuan (about 246 billion U.S. dollars) of government funds in poverty alleviation over the past eight years. This phase was under the slogan of poverty alleviation with precision and discipline.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty reduction policies with Chinese characteristics: [/rtl]
[rtl]The English newspaper Sudanese Voice published an article by the Chinese Ambassador to Sudan (Ma Xinmin) in his column "Focus on China" entitled "The Road to Poverty Alleviation According to Chinese Characteristics", in which he reviews China's successes and its approach to poverty alleviation policies, but with Chinese characteristics.[/rtl]
[rtl]He says: "98.99% of the villages that were living below the poverty line have been lifted out of the poverty circle. China has accomplished the arduous task of completely eliminating poverty, as it has lifted 832 counties and 128,000 villages out of poverty. The poverty that has haunted the Chinese people for more than two thousand years has become a story of the past." [/rtl]
[rtl]This is, of course, an achievement by the standards of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. Here we would like to elaborate a little on these policies and their most prominent features.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty Governance: An Effective System and Concrete Practical Mechanisms [/rtl]
[rtl]These results were not a coincidence, but came after a lot of work, as the Chinese administration mobilized more than 255,000 work teams to work in the field, and more than 3 million employees working as special commissioners in poor villages, and 2 million employees in cities. Poverty alleviation departments were established at all levels of the country, as well as other departments for multi-dimensional supervision, evaluation and monitoring, thus forming integrated governance systems. Regarding the sound management to achieve the goals, Ambassador Ma Xinmin said: "All poverty cases across the country have been monitored with detailed information about those suffering from poverty, the level of severity of their poverty and what are the reasons, and in this manner, assistance is provided to families and individuals." [/rtl]
[rtl]All of this contributes to creating a social and despairing field that encouraged all actors in society to contribute to this challenge in all regions of China, in cities and countryside. It is possible to consider focusing on China’s vital experience for Iraq in combating poverty and the possibility of building a new economic and development methodology by simulating China’s successful experience according to figures, standards and standard indicators and adapting to the Iraqi environment for the purpose of using China’s experience in the Iraqi reality.[/rtl]
[rtl]Sources : [/rtl]
[rtl](1) Ahmed Farouk Abbas, October 26, 2019, The Development Experience in China... Reality and Challenges,[/rtl]
[rtl]2) Ali Reda, The Arab Future, Issue 491, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2019, p. 64.[/rtl]
[rtl](3) Special Report, People's Daily Online, Chinese Government Formulates Strict Standards for Poverty Eradication. [/rtl]
[rtl](4) The Road to Poverty Alleviation with Chinese Characteristics, Chinese Ambassador to Sudan, Ma Xinmin[/rtl]
[rtl]6) Sari Hanafi and Rigas Arvanitis, The Arab Future, Issue 483, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2019, p. 51.[/rtl]
[rtl](7) A study entitled: Chinese investment policy in eradicating poverty, Maryam Yasmine Islahi 201[/rtl]
[rtl]8) China’s Efforts to Combat Poverty: An Objective View, China Today website, Hussein Ismail.[/rtl]
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Added 2024/07/18 - 12:52 PM
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[rtl]Researcher in Finance and Private Sector Development Dr. Aqil Jabr Ali Al-Muhammadawi[/rtl]
[rtl]Talking about poverty alleviation in China is often full of numbers, data, tables and charts. It is a topic that mixes politics, economics, natural sciences, social studies and statistical analyses. I imagine that many Chinese people - let alone foreigners - cannot provide a simple explanation of China's path to poverty alleviation in the modern era. It is easy to talk about the results, which can be summarized in a few words... China has gotten rid of poverty! However, even this conclusion remains controversial and debated, considering that poverty is a relative issue in general. There are many ways to define poverty, including extreme poverty, relative poverty, subjective poverty, food and non-food poverty, and poverty of capabilities.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty alleviation plays an important role in uniting various social actors, integrating resources, coordinating social mechanisms, increasing welfare, stimulating intrinsic motivation, and improving the governance system in rural areas. This policy aims to eliminate poverty and uses innovation, coordination, greening, openness, and common development as its driving force. All of this aims to build a poverty alleviation model that involves the participation of government, market, and society, and represents the "Chinese solution" to poverty alleviation that can be implemented all over the world, including the possibility of application in Iraq.[/rtl]
[rtl]In this context, researcher Maryam Islahi says: The Chinese experience stands out as one of the most successful experiences, which has gained wide popularity, making it a model worthy of study and discussion. This success was not a coincidence, but rather the result of its conviction of the necessity of eradicating poverty by undertaking radical reforms itself, and its belief that success is the only criterion for measuring the approach and its effectiveness.[/rtl]
[rtl]China's institutional model for poverty alleviation includes the stage of targeted support for the most needy after the founding of New China, the stage of regional poverty alleviation during the reform and opening-up period, the stage of poverty alleviation to accelerate the pace of development. During the period of rapid economic growth in China, and the stage of finally eliminating poverty during the period of building a moderately prosperous society. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has attached special importance to poverty alleviation in public administration, mobilized resources, and adopted a series of policies, so that the fight against poverty has achieved its goal. The highest results in history First, the sharp decline in the number of beggars and the frequency of impoverishment of citizens - by the end of 2019, the number of poor people in China had dropped to 5.5 million and the poverty rate had dropped to 0.6%. Second, the overall social and economic development level of backward regions and the living standard of the poor have been improved. [/rtl]
[rtl]Third, form an institutional system and improve the political system to combat poverty. Fourth, increase internal capacity and expand opportunities to improve the well-being of the poor. Fifth, form a social management system at the grassroots level in rural areas, which greatly expands the capacity to eliminate poverty [Zhang Jie, 2019: 1]. Thus, the country has taken a specific path, accumulating “Chinese experience” that has proven useful in poverty reduction around the world.[/rtl]
[rtl]Fundamentals of combating poverty[/rtl]
[rtl]In the 1990s, the concept of “struggle” emerged on a global scale, or what is termed “governance” – “management”, and scholars have given this term a new meaning [Yu Keping, 2001: 40-44]. James N. Rosenau, one of the founders of management theory, believes that management is an activity supported by a common goal. The main subject of this management activity need not be government, nor does it necessarily require the use of coercive power by the state to implement it [Rosenau, 1995: 5]. The Commission on Global Governance notes that “governance is the set of many ways in which individuals and institutions, public and private, manage the common good. It is an ongoing process of reconciling conflicting or divergent interests and taking joint action, involving formal institutions and regulations that are legally binding on citizens, as well as a variety of informal arrangements” [Commission on Global Governance, 1995: 23]. [/rtl]
[rtl]In the results, the World Bank says in a published report entitled “Harnessing China’s Economic Growth to Reduce Poverty” and states: Based on the results of poverty research and analysis, the government used demonstration projects financed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to test new multi-sectoral approaches that take into account market requirements to guide poverty reduction policies.[/rtl]
[rtl]In the context of the close connection between the political and the social, we must point out the political system, which is the Communist Party, which takes Marxism-Leninism as its reference as a socialist system - with Chinese characteristics - which had a major role in formulating poverty alleviation policies, which ultimately formed a social driving force for the will to live together. It is closer to the approach of practices and principles of Islamic social solidarity in Iraq, but it needs mechanisms and standard models. This meaning specifically is explained by Ali Reza Karaki, who says: “Rights and duties summarize the image of the thorny relationships between those in charge of business, jobs, trade, etc., and accordingly, social relations in themselves are a type of social living.” [/rtl]
[rtl]Based on these facts, the Chinese government has updated its definition of poverty and defined its view of the poor citizen more precisely. In this context, Liu Yongfu, director of the Office of the Leading Team for Aid to the Poor of the State Council of China, said in his statement to the media: “Eliminating poverty means that the poor do not have to worry about lack of food and clothing, and ensuring compulsory basic education, basic medical care and housing.” [/rtl]
[rtl]According to a report published in February 2021 by the Chinese news agency Xinhua, the country has invested nearly 1.6 trillion yuan (about 246 billion U.S. dollars) of government funds in poverty alleviation over the past eight years. This phase was under the slogan of poverty alleviation with precision and discipline.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty reduction policies with Chinese characteristics: [/rtl]
[rtl]The English newspaper Sudanese Voice published an article by the Chinese Ambassador to Sudan (Ma Xinmin) in his column "Focus on China" entitled "The Road to Poverty Alleviation According to Chinese Characteristics", in which he reviews China's successes and its approach to poverty alleviation policies, but with Chinese characteristics.[/rtl]
[rtl]He says: "98.99% of the villages that were living below the poverty line have been lifted out of the poverty circle. China has accomplished the arduous task of completely eliminating poverty, as it has lifted 832 counties and 128,000 villages out of poverty. The poverty that has haunted the Chinese people for more than two thousand years has become a story of the past." [/rtl]
[rtl]This is, of course, an achievement by the standards of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. Here we would like to elaborate a little on these policies and their most prominent features.[/rtl]
[rtl]Poverty Governance: An Effective System and Concrete Practical Mechanisms [/rtl]
[rtl]These results were not a coincidence, but came after a lot of work, as the Chinese administration mobilized more than 255,000 work teams to work in the field, and more than 3 million employees working as special commissioners in poor villages, and 2 million employees in cities. Poverty alleviation departments were established at all levels of the country, as well as other departments for multi-dimensional supervision, evaluation and monitoring, thus forming integrated governance systems. Regarding the sound management to achieve the goals, Ambassador Ma Xinmin said: "All poverty cases across the country have been monitored with detailed information about those suffering from poverty, the level of severity of their poverty and what are the reasons, and in this manner, assistance is provided to families and individuals." [/rtl]
[rtl]All of this contributes to creating a social and despairing field that encouraged all actors in society to contribute to this challenge in all regions of China, in cities and countryside. It is possible to consider focusing on China’s vital experience for Iraq in combating poverty and the possibility of building a new economic and development methodology by simulating China’s successful experience according to figures, standards and standard indicators and adapting to the Iraqi environment for the purpose of using China’s experience in the Iraqi reality.[/rtl]
[rtl]Sources : [/rtl]
[rtl](1) Ahmed Farouk Abbas, October 26, 2019, The Development Experience in China... Reality and Challenges,[/rtl]
[rtl]2) Ali Reda, The Arab Future, Issue 491, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2019, p. 64.[/rtl]
[rtl](3) Special Report, People's Daily Online, Chinese Government Formulates Strict Standards for Poverty Eradication. [/rtl]
[rtl](4) The Road to Poverty Alleviation with Chinese Characteristics, Chinese Ambassador to Sudan, Ma Xinmin[/rtl]
[rtl]6) Sari Hanafi and Rigas Arvanitis, The Arab Future, Issue 483, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2019, p. 51.[/rtl]
[rtl](7) A study entitled: Chinese investment policy in eradicating poverty, Maryam Yasmine Islahi 201[/rtl]
[rtl]8) China’s Efforts to Combat Poverty: An Objective View, China Today website, Hussein Ismail.[/rtl]
Views 7
Added 2024/07/18 - 12:52 PM
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