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18 years since the American invasion ... Resistance transformations and the exchange of the roles of the three parties
April 09, 2021
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18 years since the American invasion ... Resistance transformations and the exchange of the roles of the three parties
April 09, 2021
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Her birth and death as a belief and the investment of her "ghost" (Facebook)
Ultra Iraq Editorial Team
After Iraq completed its 18th year of being invaded by the American forces in April 2003, and toppling the former regime headed by Saddam Hussein, the issue of the nature of the Iraqi relationship and the Iraqi vision towards the United States of America remains unstable and subject to personal disagreement, but the most important thing is the change of roles And the reversal of positions for the political and social parties in the country
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The stances of distant past in the Iraqi interior towards the United States are no longer the same as they were 18 years ago
While the "occupier-liberator" dichotomy was the subject of controversy to occupy discussions at the political, social and religious levels, the positions of the distant past in the Iraqi interior towards the United States of America were no longer the same, and at times fluctuated for reasons related to the realities of the situation and the safest solution, and at other times related to matters beyond the attachment to the Iraqi interior. Rather, it is governed by other accounts, most of them external and regional.
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This file leads to a look at the reality and concept of "resistance" between yesterday and the present, which is the most prominent problem that Iraq suffers from in its last years. Until [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] result of Katyusha rockets, and the threats these missiles cause to foreign delegations and the development of foreign investment in the country.
According to observers and researchers, the most prominent parties in the issue of vision towards the American side after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime can be divided into 3 parts, the first being the "Sunni side", in addition to two Shiite sides, the first representing opposition figures coming from abroad and the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution, which included Most of the symbols and movements associated with the family of the religious authority Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim, and the military wing of the council represented by the Badr Organization headed by Hadi al-Amiri, leader of the current Al-Fateh Alliance, as well as the Sadrist movement that Muqtada al-Sadr inherited from his father, the reference [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] , as a third party in this equation.
Each of the three parties had a legacy, aspirations, and reasons that shape the relationship and vision towards the American side after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime at the hands of these forces.
The Sunni side ... still believes in "the occupation", but!
The Sunni side, as a religious and societal system, took a clear stance against the American invasion, and was the first to describe it as "the occupation", while this position was driven by several issues, including religious and ideological, and others related to the previous regime and [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] And on this basis, the "resistance" movements started from the Sunni interior with force, including officers from the former Iraqi army, which [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] by the American civilian governor Paul Bremer, and they fought major battles with the American side, while participation in the elections was prohibited by the Sunni religious system. At that time, however, the clear Sunni position today came to see the American side as a friend, in a change of position governed by "the reality of the situation."
The leader of the Salvation and Development Front, Atheel Al-Nujaifi, believes the official and realistic description of the US intervention in Iraq is "an occupation" and that the Sunni side still believes this, and what has changed is the outlook on the nature of the relationship with the American side.
Al-Nujaifi added in an interview with "Ultra Iraq", that "there is no doubt that the only description of the American intervention in Iraq in 2003 is the occupation, and this is by the admission of the Americans themselves." An international and realistic description of that event that struck the security and stability of the entire region, not Iraq alone. "
He continues: "Regardless of the position on the previous regime, however, the chaos that accompanied the change and the lack of a strategic agreement on the aftermath of the change is what caused the situation in which Iraq is living," considering that "this description has not changed for the Sunni community, however," but that has changed. Is the view about the importance of the relationship with the United States, and does the US occupation of Iraq in 2003 mean the continuation of the state of hostility with it, or is the Sunnis now seeing that they need the international community, whose decisions the United States greatly influence?
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The head of the Political Thinking Center, Ihssan Al-Shammari, says that the reason for the change in convictions is due to the change of interests
Al-Nujaifi believes that “the majority of Sunnis prefer the second vision, and they believe that the currently active forces inside Iraq do not have any solution to the crises afflicting Iraq. Its status and interests. "
Chest and Heavy Legacy
The leader of the Sadrist movement, Muqtada al-Sadr, was among the largest Shiite side that was preparing to take over the reins of power in Iraq for the first time in its history at the hands of the American forces. Which is clearly translated by the chanting and the most prominent slogan that Muhammad al-Sadr installed in the ears and souls of his followers, "No, no, America."
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This slogan, which had put Muqtada al-Sadr in the embarrassment and test of taking the frank stance on the American side, was also driven by the vision of al-Sadr, who represents an important Shiite party inside Iraq towards the Shiite parties coming from outside that are preparing to receive power while al-Sadr was watching, perhaps pushing Sadr to take His choice of "resistance", the way he laid down the goals of killing or arrest by the American side, [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] wrote about the phenomenon of the Sadrist movement in Iraq.
However, al-Sadr, who participated with the "Sunni Resistance" in 2004, seems to have taken a position similar to the current Sunni position on the American forces, dealing with the "fait accompli" and excluding the option of armed resistance.
Other Shiite parties ... Resisting other accounts!
Amid the changes in attitudes and the review of the justifications for "resistance" on the Sunni side and Al-Sadr, the most important shift is emerging, which relates to other Shiite parties, which represent the new era of "resistance" that may not resemble the first version of it.
The Badr Organization, headed by Hadi al-Amiri, is emerging today as an active and close element of the "modern resistance" currents, at a time when this wing was the first blocker against Al-Sadr and its military wing, the Mahdi Army, in the option of resistance, until the matter came to [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] and launched elements from Badr Organization attacked and burned Al-Sadr offices in Najaf, until Al-Amiri said in a statement at the time that "the Mahdi Army wants to resist the occupation, but we do not see the benefit of a confrontation with the Americans."
Testimonies from Najaf and some governorates confirmed the participation of the Badr forces in the fighting on the American side against the Sadr forces and caused many deaths from them, while the Badr Organization, headed by Al-Ameri, appeared as a supporter of the factions that chose the "resistance" in its modern form, in a coup by the position governed by other accounts not. Related to the concept of "resistance", according to followers.
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Ihssan Al-Shammari says that Iraq is a democratic country, and the concept of resistance does not exist. Baghdad, as a government and executive authority, cooperates with America officially.
The head of the Center for Political Thinking, Ihssan Al-Shammari, said in an interview with Ultra Iraq, "The reason for the change in convictions is due to changing interests. At a time when the states were friends of the Shiites, now some Shiites have shifted and talk about the forces associated with the factions. You see that there is a danger to them if The American presence in Iraq continued, in addition to their vision being linked to Iranian interests and objectives, as the presence of any international forces threatens its national security. "
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Regarding the Sunni side, Al-Shammari points out that “after years I realized that there was no interest in continuing the resistance and turning the American side into a friend and not an enemy, especially since removing the American forces from the Iraqi interior or moving America away from Iraq would cause it to be swallowed up by Iran, and this has caveats and the Sunnis are concerned Very much about that. "
Regarding resistance as a concept, Al-Shammari considers that "Iraq is a democratic country, and the concept of resistance does not exist, officially at least. Baghdad, as a government and an executive authority, cooperates with America formally, and the forces that are present on the lands of Iraq are at its request, and most of the parties do not find a justification for the concept of resistance."
Al-Shammari concludes his speech by saying that "the concept of resistance is rejected by most Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds, so the issue of resistance is a page that most political and popular forces have covered and do not see any interest in it."
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