Why oil represents a crisis for Iraq in every decline ?!

Books / Dr. Basil Abbas Khudair ...

In 1972 the state made a decision they called nationalizing oil, regardless of the quality of this decision. However, the justification for its issuance is the liberation of [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] wealth.[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]And it is true that the resources that entered the budget, some of which were invested in creating some kind of development in the years after 1973, but the eyes of the government remained towards oil as an important and primary source of revenue, which made all the development projects that were created are urban achievements or losing facilities that provide work for individuals but not It contributes a lot to GDP because its efficiency is in decline even if efficiency has been achieved in some specialties, and this was clearly demonstrated in the Iraq-Iran war as the country was nearly bankrupt in 1984 when oil prices fell by 4-5 dollars per barrel, and some believed that The state will take a lesson from This decline began to correct its economy in order to avoid such crises, but it turned its back on the crisis and began borrowing to cover the revenue deficit to cover the high costs due to the state of war. Via The ration card that provides subsistence requirements for the entire population, and the situation continued to be worse in relying on the oil-for-food agreement that was feeding the ration card, medicines and some services, despite the difficult circumstances in terms of the lack of foreign investment and the weakness of the private import capacity of scarce hard currencies, but the agricultural and industrial sector Private and mixed sectors registered partial attendance through their production capabilities and providing some of the needs of the population despite the total dependence on oil revenues. After 2003, the situation did not improve, but worsened after the lifting of import restrictions and most of the infrastructure provided It is through military operations or due to looting and plundering. In practical and actual terms, the country's economies are dependent on oil revenues because they constitute more than 95% of revenue sources, which are transformed into mostly operational expenditures and others are investment expenditures interspersed with many violations and the result is that the Iraqi economy converted to

Perhaps part of the above explains the reasons why our economy does not have the solid base that helps it in crises, as the issue has been inherited for decades, although [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] one of the major oil exporters, but the GDP reached $ 231 billion in 2018 and it is ranked 50 in the IMF classification and is a number Modest when compared to the total global output of $ 85 trillion, and some believe that the American occupation bears responsibility for all the imbalances in the country's economy, which is an acceptable belief, but it is not suitable for uncles in all cases due to the transfer of power, the constitution of the constitution, the holding of elections since 2006 and the withdrawal of the mother forces American will and the request of [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] , and as is well known, [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Executed explosive budgets since 2005 until today, when oil prices witnessed significant increases that enabled the country to formulate investment and operational budgets that exceeded more than a trillion dollars, but these budgets did not bring about significant changes in the field of restructuring the economy and the diversity of income sources, nor did they bring about fundamental changes in development Sustainable and provide the basic needs of the population, and some attribute the reasons for the failures to the increase in incompetent expenditures and the spread of corruption and lack of clarity of goals and the sagging state agencies in general and expose the country to internal and external wars that led to the militarization of society and the increase of military spending etc. Great for collecting and collecting revenues, as non-oil revenues did not reach 10% of the volume of expenditures. Perhaps the biggest problem that the financial situation suffers from is the absence of transparency in many matters. Federal budgets are set on old foundations and in a way of filling in the blanks, which are budgets that are set by the ministries of finance and planning and involving a group of experts and discussed in the cabinet and then referred to the parliament for discussion and approval It is based on estimates, jurisprudence and pressures in the absence of the absent public census since 1997, as standards, programs, policies and strategies are completely absent and to the extent that it rises to the realization of the achievements in reality, and most budgets are subject to deals with The political blocs are delayed and their issuance and entry into force, which makes them need complementary budgets, and at the end of the fiscal year concluding accounts disappear and the last one was submitted for the year 2013 as the country no longer has the 2014 budget and the 2020 budget has not yet been issued, so in which administration the country works and anything that governs as long as the chaos of budgets has not Setting yet?

And the situation that the country is currently going through in the shortfall of revenues resulting from the decline in oil prices globally and the increased need for spending due to the Corona pandemic and others, is a natural extension of the previous financial crises, as it portends the emergence of other crises later, as most specialists believe that such crises are expected to occur due to the similar conditions And its reasons, during the previous years, a group of wishes were raised and many slogans were raised, but they remained the same as paper phenomena that are not applicable, because the change needs work and not wishes and in the absence of change or review of regulations to adhere to what is required, at least, and in this light The corruption takes a qualitative form of difficulty in controlling it, and in a look at our political system that expresses the texts contained in the constitution, we find it designed in a manner that involves a degree that requires high self-denial in the accumulated construction and comprehensive development, positions are distributed in the way of electoral entitlements and representation of components and everyone is involved in the process Political However, it is difficult to diagnose responsibility for negligence, because uncovering faults turns into prohibitions and achievement of achievements marred by suspicions that it is an illegal way to win the votes of voters, and governments come and go without submitting their final accounts and obtaining discharge, and most of the jobs are managed by proxy, commissioning or conducting business so that It becomes subject to continuous change and this may lead to obliterating facts, loss of rights, and demanding the investigation of violations after a long time in light of the movement of change and the disappearance or concealment of features because they are outside of their required time, and perhaps one of the reasons that lead to weak impact when change is to follow the approach It is possible, not ambitious, many times. When determined to address the crisis of low oil prices, many economic solutions calling for diversification of income sources are offered by supporting agriculture, industry and tourism, spending money and bringing loans. After the crisis has ended and reviewing the procedures, large spending and modest emergence of changes are discovered. Then it is done The conclusion is that the problem was addressed by economic measures, although it is a monetary problem because it relates to the lack of financial liquidity to pay salaries and other operating expenses, and who knows how much of this involved investor breakthroughs that spread in the way that is clear to everyone, then it is stated that structural changes are not possible in our systems The policy that changes every electoral cycle because the authorities are formed in the usual way in sharing roles and assigning the largest bloc to form the government, which is a democratic method that is not impenetrable but it may not be consistent with the requirements of change in development that needs to accumulate change With positive rates and rates that may require years or decades, the best example of this is the electricity problems in which billions have been spent, but their white smoke has not yet emerged.