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Despite its "million-strong" forces, Iraq gathers third world countries in 80 private security companies
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2024-07-20 05:50
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2024-07-20 05:50
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Shafaq News/ Private security companies operating in Iraq are a "controversial file" regarding the feasibility of their presence in light of the presence of millions of local security forces in Iraq. While a foreign security group reveals the presence of 80 private security companies currently operating in Iraq, the salaries of their contractors, and the "countries" of employment, experts point to "suspicious" roles played by these companies, while Iraqi officials explain that their "work" is carried out under government supervision.
There are dozens of private security companies spread across Iraq, and their areas of presence are concentrated in the federal capital, Baghdad, and the provinces of Basra in the far south of the country, and Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region. Their work is focused on protecting some important figures, in addition to diplomatic missions and oil companies.
Most security companies have gained a bad reputation among Iraqis due to the involvement of many of them in bloody incidents that claimed the lives of dozens of civilians, such as the American companies Blackwater and Halliburton, which prompted the Iraqi parliament to propose amending the law regulating the work of these companies and strengthening oversight over them, as the memory of Iraqis is associated with private security companies with bad memories dating back to the years following the American intervention in 2003, when scenes of the spread of security companies and their armed vehicles roamed the streets of Iraqi cities, as the role of these companies increased with the security disturbances that struck the country.
On July 31, 2023, the House of Representatives voted on the draft law amending the first amendment to the Private Security Companies Law No. 52 of 2017, submitted by the Security and Defense Committee, for the purpose of regulating the work of security companies and addressing the problems and obstacles resulting from the implementation of the Private Security Companies Law No. (52) of 2017, and in order to determine cases of suspension and cancellation of the license, and maximize the state’s financial resources.
After the last American security company left Iraq at the end of 2009, namely Blackwater (formerly), dozens of private companies reappeared in this country, under many pretexts and with different missions, most notably securing Iraq’s trade with neighboring countries, transporting valuable goods between the provinces, and protecting banks and sensitive institutions, thus provoking hundreds of those affected by it in the period after 2003, amid astonishment and exchange of accusations of treason and indifference, among Iraqi security and political circles.
Reasons for the existence of private security companies
Security expert, former Brigadier General Adnan Al-Kanani, told Shafaq News Agency, "Private security protection companies came with the US Army to protect American and British interests after 2003, including the Blackwater Company, and there were also Iraqi companies that were established at that time for some political parties, including the Iraqi National Congress, which established the Eagles of Babylon Company. These companies took an American (formula or cover) to carry weapons, and later the nucleus of the military wings of some political parties was established, under which (security offices) were formed to hold their opponents accountable, and through which kidnapping and bargaining operations took place." He indicated that "the nationalities of these companies are mostly American and British, as well as the Russian Wagner Company, which worked in Iraq, and other Iraqi companies as well.
Al-Kanani added, "Despite the establishment of the Directorate for the Protection of Facilities and Personalities in the Ministry of Interior in 2006-2007, and the personalities, ministers, facilities and satellite channels being protected by this directorate, these companies continued to operate and make imaginary profits, and it may even reach the point of them blackmailing government agencies and sometimes playing dirty roles in order to achieve their interests."
Al-Kanani reveals that “there is an office in every American and British company called ‘Operations’, run by intelligence personnel who manage the work there,” indicating that “the management of the company that previously managed Baghdad Airport security are all intelligence personnel, while the employees in these companies and other private security protection companies are Iraqis with salaries that do not exceed $500 as a maximum, while the wages contracted with the Iraqi government are higher for each Iraqi employee, while the supervisors of implementation are either retired officers or from the previously dissolved security services such as Saddam’s Fedayeen and the Special Security Services to coordinate investments in some areas.”
Al-Kanani points out that “one of the mobile phone companies previously worked on the issue of spying and eavesdropping on Iraqi officials, and we informed the Prime Minister of that at the time. It also obstructed access to the kidnapped people in any of its areas of operation.”
Regarding its current situation, the retired brigadier general confirms that “there is no need for these companies in light of the current security apparatus and the relevant directorate. Rather, the Ministry of Interior can carry out the tasks of these companies by investing in the ministry’s human resources. However, this issue was met with rejection due to the presence of security companies that provide protection for some political parties currently that have armed wings. This is very dangerous due to the possibility of carrying out kidnappings and bargaining operations under the umbrella of private security companies, which is inconsistent with the state’s restriction of weapons.”
In a previous article published by the International Association of Experts and Political Analysts, it was shown that successive American governments have a strong desire for the active presence of these companies in Iraq, as security companies include people who provide professional services, meaning that they train soldiers who later become military personnel known in the world.
These companies provide a wide range of services, including diplomatic support, commercial operations, military and intelligence activities, security facilities, advice to security forces, and the like. American security companies were responsible for protecting and escorting senior American military officers after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime and carried out many missions at various levels in Iraq. Because of their participation with the US military in many operations, some have called these companies America's "other army."
The US government’s interest in using private security companies can be summarized in four important issues: First, their establishment does not require congressional approval. Second, these companies have strong ties to the political apparatus. Third, the use of private military, especially in humanitarian missions, may be the best option for sending official military personnel, and in the end the United States has become remarkably dependent on these companies.
Numbers of private security companies
Shafaq News Agency tried to obtain statistics or even approximate numbers of private security companies in Iraq from the relevant authorities, but it did not obtain any real or approximate number of these companies until the time of preparing this report.
Member of the Parliamentary Security and Defense Committee, Mohammed Mahdi Al-Amerli, also explained in previous statements that his committee does not have accurate statistics, pointing out that there are many companies in Baghdad and others in southern and western Iraq, indicating that some of them enjoy diplomatic immunity.
The agency relied on a translated report published by the ICoCA team, a group of private security companies operating in southern Iraq (the headquarters), where the oil fields are concentrated, and in Baghdad, proving that until March 2024, about 80 “licensed” private security companies are operating in Iraq, including 24 Iraqi private security companies affiliated with ICoCA, in addition to at least 5 international private security companies.
“Of the 24 private Iraqi companies that have so far joined ICoCA, many also have significant operations in the region,” the report adds, noting that “there are still only a few private international companies offering their services in the country in an increasingly competitive market with more local companies competing for international business.”
According to the report, ICoCA security companies protect the Rumaila oil field, located about 50 kilometers west of Basra in southern Iraq, and extending over a vast area of 1,600 square kilometers. It is the third largest oil field in the world, and supplies about a third of Iraq’s total oil supplies,” noting that “international oil and gas companies (IOGCs) are operating in a volatile security situation, increasing the demand for security in the region.”
The report justifies the presence of these companies by “the presence of heavily armed local populations and strong tribal influences that create a complex security environment,” indicating that “tribal influence is significant, and conflicts can arise, becoming deadly due to the heavy presence of weapons. Isolated attacks occur, often carried out by disgruntled employees or those involved in personal disputes, and fighting occurs between tribes. These conflicts can quickly turn deadly, given the widespread availability of weapons among the population.”
According to the report, “companies must also pay Iraqi employees a minimum wage of just under $500 per month, which exceeds the living wage requirement.”
The report explains how these companies recruit their men, saying, “They are international employees from low-income countries, such as Nepal, Fiji and Uganda. Companies also recruit in Eastern European countries such as Macedonia and countries such as South Africa, where there is a pipeline of well-trained and highly experienced ex-military personnel looking to move into the corporate sector. Given the prevalence of third-country nationals working in private security,
under control
Member of the Parliamentary Security and Defense Committee, Yasser Watout, confirmed in previous statements that “the work of all security companies in Baghdad, as well as other governorates, is done exclusively through official approvals,” noting that “no company can work in this field without obtaining official security and other approvals.”
Watout explains that “security companies are officially registered with the relevant authorities with all their personnel, vehicles and even weapons,” stressing that “any security company that violates this exposes itself to legal accountability, and there is follow-up by the relevant security authorities on the work of all companies.”
Previous security warning
A document issued by the Directorate of Private Security Companies Affairs, in 2020, reported intelligence information targeting security companies operating in Iraq.
The document, addressed to all Iraqi and foreign security companies, signed by the Director of the Private Security Companies Affairs Directorate, Brigadier General Faris Nazim, and obtained by Shafaq News Agency, stated that "intelligence information was received about targeting security companies and logistical support contracted with the American side. The information includes the locations of the companies, their addresses, the nationalities working in them, and the nature of their work, in order to take the necessary action."
The document also called for "taking precautions against targeting your company's headquarters or employees."
“The situation has become more dangerous,” Jonathan Garratt, managing director of Iranize, which had 1,000 security personnel in Iraq and most of its contracts were with the US government, said on July 4, 2020. “The complexity and number of attacks is increasing, and the level of information the terrorists have about our activities is also increasing. Over the course of four years, the insurgents have been able to monitor the way private security companies operate and have subsequently adjusted their operations. As a result, these companies have advised their clients not to travel unless necessary, and have been careful to avoid working in a single, unchanging style and pattern, traveling at variable times, and using different routes and vehicles.”
Previous file in parliament
In August 2017, the head of the Security and Defense Committee in the Iraqi parliament, Hakim al-Zamili, revealed (before assuming the position of deputy speaker of parliament and withdrawing from political work) that most of the security companies operating in Iraq are fronts for foreign intelligence agencies, while he confirmed that the owner of the American company “Blackwater” (formerly), Erik Prince, is accused of recruiting new “mercenaries.”
Al-Zamili says that “most of the security companies’ personnel were officers in the CIA (the US Central Intelligence Agency), and some of them were officers in the Israeli Mossad and the Pentagon (the US Department of Defense),” noting that “these companies carried out many security breaches in the country.”
Al-Zamili points out that “the director of one of the security companies operating in Iraq is accused of corruption cases, in addition to recruiting mercenaries from South America to fight in Yemen, in addition to being a former officer in the US Army and possessing intelligence information, and this is documented in the committee’s file in Parliament.”
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There are dozens of private security companies spread across Iraq, and their areas of presence are concentrated in the federal capital, Baghdad, and the provinces of Basra in the far south of the country, and Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region. Their work is focused on protecting some important figures, in addition to diplomatic missions and oil companies.
Most security companies have gained a bad reputation among Iraqis due to the involvement of many of them in bloody incidents that claimed the lives of dozens of civilians, such as the American companies Blackwater and Halliburton, which prompted the Iraqi parliament to propose amending the law regulating the work of these companies and strengthening oversight over them, as the memory of Iraqis is associated with private security companies with bad memories dating back to the years following the American intervention in 2003, when scenes of the spread of security companies and their armed vehicles roamed the streets of Iraqi cities, as the role of these companies increased with the security disturbances that struck the country.
On July 31, 2023, the House of Representatives voted on the draft law amending the first amendment to the Private Security Companies Law No. 52 of 2017, submitted by the Security and Defense Committee, for the purpose of regulating the work of security companies and addressing the problems and obstacles resulting from the implementation of the Private Security Companies Law No. (52) of 2017, and in order to determine cases of suspension and cancellation of the license, and maximize the state’s financial resources.
After the last American security company left Iraq at the end of 2009, namely Blackwater (formerly), dozens of private companies reappeared in this country, under many pretexts and with different missions, most notably securing Iraq’s trade with neighboring countries, transporting valuable goods between the provinces, and protecting banks and sensitive institutions, thus provoking hundreds of those affected by it in the period after 2003, amid astonishment and exchange of accusations of treason and indifference, among Iraqi security and political circles.
Reasons for the existence of private security companies
Security expert, former Brigadier General Adnan Al-Kanani, told Shafaq News Agency, "Private security protection companies came with the US Army to protect American and British interests after 2003, including the Blackwater Company, and there were also Iraqi companies that were established at that time for some political parties, including the Iraqi National Congress, which established the Eagles of Babylon Company. These companies took an American (formula or cover) to carry weapons, and later the nucleus of the military wings of some political parties was established, under which (security offices) were formed to hold their opponents accountable, and through which kidnapping and bargaining operations took place." He indicated that "the nationalities of these companies are mostly American and British, as well as the Russian Wagner Company, which worked in Iraq, and other Iraqi companies as well.
Al-Kanani added, "Despite the establishment of the Directorate for the Protection of Facilities and Personalities in the Ministry of Interior in 2006-2007, and the personalities, ministers, facilities and satellite channels being protected by this directorate, these companies continued to operate and make imaginary profits, and it may even reach the point of them blackmailing government agencies and sometimes playing dirty roles in order to achieve their interests."
Al-Kanani reveals that “there is an office in every American and British company called ‘Operations’, run by intelligence personnel who manage the work there,” indicating that “the management of the company that previously managed Baghdad Airport security are all intelligence personnel, while the employees in these companies and other private security protection companies are Iraqis with salaries that do not exceed $500 as a maximum, while the wages contracted with the Iraqi government are higher for each Iraqi employee, while the supervisors of implementation are either retired officers or from the previously dissolved security services such as Saddam’s Fedayeen and the Special Security Services to coordinate investments in some areas.”
Al-Kanani points out that “one of the mobile phone companies previously worked on the issue of spying and eavesdropping on Iraqi officials, and we informed the Prime Minister of that at the time. It also obstructed access to the kidnapped people in any of its areas of operation.”
Regarding its current situation, the retired brigadier general confirms that “there is no need for these companies in light of the current security apparatus and the relevant directorate. Rather, the Ministry of Interior can carry out the tasks of these companies by investing in the ministry’s human resources. However, this issue was met with rejection due to the presence of security companies that provide protection for some political parties currently that have armed wings. This is very dangerous due to the possibility of carrying out kidnappings and bargaining operations under the umbrella of private security companies, which is inconsistent with the state’s restriction of weapons.”
In a previous article published by the International Association of Experts and Political Analysts, it was shown that successive American governments have a strong desire for the active presence of these companies in Iraq, as security companies include people who provide professional services, meaning that they train soldiers who later become military personnel known in the world.
These companies provide a wide range of services, including diplomatic support, commercial operations, military and intelligence activities, security facilities, advice to security forces, and the like. American security companies were responsible for protecting and escorting senior American military officers after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime and carried out many missions at various levels in Iraq. Because of their participation with the US military in many operations, some have called these companies America's "other army."
The US government’s interest in using private security companies can be summarized in four important issues: First, their establishment does not require congressional approval. Second, these companies have strong ties to the political apparatus. Third, the use of private military, especially in humanitarian missions, may be the best option for sending official military personnel, and in the end the United States has become remarkably dependent on these companies.
Numbers of private security companies
Shafaq News Agency tried to obtain statistics or even approximate numbers of private security companies in Iraq from the relevant authorities, but it did not obtain any real or approximate number of these companies until the time of preparing this report.
Member of the Parliamentary Security and Defense Committee, Mohammed Mahdi Al-Amerli, also explained in previous statements that his committee does not have accurate statistics, pointing out that there are many companies in Baghdad and others in southern and western Iraq, indicating that some of them enjoy diplomatic immunity.
The agency relied on a translated report published by the ICoCA team, a group of private security companies operating in southern Iraq (the headquarters), where the oil fields are concentrated, and in Baghdad, proving that until March 2024, about 80 “licensed” private security companies are operating in Iraq, including 24 Iraqi private security companies affiliated with ICoCA, in addition to at least 5 international private security companies.
“Of the 24 private Iraqi companies that have so far joined ICoCA, many also have significant operations in the region,” the report adds, noting that “there are still only a few private international companies offering their services in the country in an increasingly competitive market with more local companies competing for international business.”
According to the report, ICoCA security companies protect the Rumaila oil field, located about 50 kilometers west of Basra in southern Iraq, and extending over a vast area of 1,600 square kilometers. It is the third largest oil field in the world, and supplies about a third of Iraq’s total oil supplies,” noting that “international oil and gas companies (IOGCs) are operating in a volatile security situation, increasing the demand for security in the region.”
The report justifies the presence of these companies by “the presence of heavily armed local populations and strong tribal influences that create a complex security environment,” indicating that “tribal influence is significant, and conflicts can arise, becoming deadly due to the heavy presence of weapons. Isolated attacks occur, often carried out by disgruntled employees or those involved in personal disputes, and fighting occurs between tribes. These conflicts can quickly turn deadly, given the widespread availability of weapons among the population.”
According to the report, “companies must also pay Iraqi employees a minimum wage of just under $500 per month, which exceeds the living wage requirement.”
The report explains how these companies recruit their men, saying, “They are international employees from low-income countries, such as Nepal, Fiji and Uganda. Companies also recruit in Eastern European countries such as Macedonia and countries such as South Africa, where there is a pipeline of well-trained and highly experienced ex-military personnel looking to move into the corporate sector. Given the prevalence of third-country nationals working in private security,
under control
Member of the Parliamentary Security and Defense Committee, Yasser Watout, confirmed in previous statements that “the work of all security companies in Baghdad, as well as other governorates, is done exclusively through official approvals,” noting that “no company can work in this field without obtaining official security and other approvals.”
Watout explains that “security companies are officially registered with the relevant authorities with all their personnel, vehicles and even weapons,” stressing that “any security company that violates this exposes itself to legal accountability, and there is follow-up by the relevant security authorities on the work of all companies.”
Previous security warning
A document issued by the Directorate of Private Security Companies Affairs, in 2020, reported intelligence information targeting security companies operating in Iraq.
The document, addressed to all Iraqi and foreign security companies, signed by the Director of the Private Security Companies Affairs Directorate, Brigadier General Faris Nazim, and obtained by Shafaq News Agency, stated that "intelligence information was received about targeting security companies and logistical support contracted with the American side. The information includes the locations of the companies, their addresses, the nationalities working in them, and the nature of their work, in order to take the necessary action."
The document also called for "taking precautions against targeting your company's headquarters or employees."
“The situation has become more dangerous,” Jonathan Garratt, managing director of Iranize, which had 1,000 security personnel in Iraq and most of its contracts were with the US government, said on July 4, 2020. “The complexity and number of attacks is increasing, and the level of information the terrorists have about our activities is also increasing. Over the course of four years, the insurgents have been able to monitor the way private security companies operate and have subsequently adjusted their operations. As a result, these companies have advised their clients not to travel unless necessary, and have been careful to avoid working in a single, unchanging style and pattern, traveling at variable times, and using different routes and vehicles.”
Previous file in parliament
In August 2017, the head of the Security and Defense Committee in the Iraqi parliament, Hakim al-Zamili, revealed (before assuming the position of deputy speaker of parliament and withdrawing from political work) that most of the security companies operating in Iraq are fronts for foreign intelligence agencies, while he confirmed that the owner of the American company “Blackwater” (formerly), Erik Prince, is accused of recruiting new “mercenaries.”
Al-Zamili says that “most of the security companies’ personnel were officers in the CIA (the US Central Intelligence Agency), and some of them were officers in the Israeli Mossad and the Pentagon (the US Department of Defense),” noting that “these companies carried out many security breaches in the country.”
Al-Zamili points out that “the director of one of the security companies operating in Iraq is accused of corruption cases, in addition to recruiting mercenaries from South America to fight in Yemen, in addition to being a former officer in the US Army and possessing intelligence information, and this is documented in the committee’s file in Parliament.”
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