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Iran is expanding in Iraq, so what does America do?
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Monday, December 12, 2022 8:08
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The mission of the "Al-Muhandis" company is to "rehabilitate the provinces" (AFP)[/size]
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The Baghdad government agreed to establish a public company linked to the "Popular Mobilization Forces"
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Monday, December 12, 2022 8:08
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The mission of the "Al-Muhandis" company is to "rehabilitate the provinces" (AFP)[/size]
Despite the dominance of pro-Iranian parties in the Iraqi parliament and the existence of a government chosen by this majority, Tehran continues to strengthen its grip on [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] . While this constitutes, according to observers, an area of tension with [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] , Prime Minister [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] and Iranian officials called during his visit to Tehran in late November (November) to increase cooperation between the two countries in all fields.
Al-Sudani welcomed Iran's provision of Iraq with a third of its gas and electricity needs, saying that this supply will continue until his country can produce the gas it needs to operate power plants.
The Popular Mobilization Forces and the Coordination Framework
Iranian influence is evident, especially in the close ties that bind Tehran with the "Popular Mobilization Forces," an alliance of armed Shiite factions that joined the official forces after the war against the "ISIS" organization, and has become an essential political role.
The Coordination Framework Coalition, which represents these forces, has 138 deputies in the Iraqi parliament out of 329, making it the largest force in it. The coalition includes many pro-Iranian factions, as well as the bloc of former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.
Iranian necessity
Ihsan al-Shammari, a professor of political science at the University of Baghdad, expects that "the Iranian role will be much greater than it was during previous governments, given that there is an urgent Iranian need for Iraq to continue as a dependent state" to it.
Al-Shammari adds that Baghdad, which was the first importer of Iranian goods between March 2021 and March 2022, is like an "economic lung" for Iran.
He believes that Iran's need for Iraq is increasing "amid the intensification of Western sanctions" against it, "especially since the talks with the West do not indicate that there will be an agreement in Iran's interest" in the nuclear file.
hard situation
After the US invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003, Iranian influence in Iraq grew gradually, especially thanks to links with the Shiite leaders who now run Iraqi political life.
This political class finds itself in a difficult situation when Tehran bombs the Kurdistan region, targeting the Iranian Kurdish opposition, which it accuses of being the engine of the demonstrations that erupted following the death of Mahsa Amini.
Al-Shammari believes that Iran is "looking for a fragile space to export its internal crisis because it does not dare" to do so against another country.
Turkey and the Iraqi economy
Researcher Fabrice Balanche from the French "Lumiere University Lyon 2" considers that "Iraq is a country in which the United States and Iran compete for influence, and Turkey comes in third place and exercises significant economic and military influence in the north."
He adds, "With a pro-Iranian figure at the head of the state, Iran will be able to benefit better from the Iraqi economy," noting that al-Sudani spent "the bulk of his political career under Nuri al-Maliki," who is close to Tehran.
"engineer" company
In late November, the Iraqi government agreed to establish a public company with a capital of approximately $68 million, linked to the Popular Mobilization Forces.
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The company was named “Al-Muhandis” in honor of Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, the deputy head of the “Popular Mobilization Forces”, who was killed in January 2020 along with the Iranian Major General Qassem Soleimani on the road to Baghdad airport by an American drone strike.
In an oil-rich country riven by decades of conflict, the company's mission will be to "rehabilitate the provinces, including infrastructure, housing, hospitals, factories, farms, and many things that the country needs, under the direct supervision of the Popular Mobilization Authority," as confirmed by a media official in the "Popular Mobilization Forces."
"wrong" and "injustice"
During his participation in the Manama Dialogue in November, Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein considered it "wrong" and "unfair" to consider "his government linked to the Iranian government."
Hussein pointed out that "there are several parties represented in the government and parties in Parliament that support this government," recalling the participation of the Kurdish, Sunni and Shiite parties. He added that this government reflects a "clear balance" on the "internal and external" levels.
political space
Yet pro-Iranian parties seem to be enjoying more political space than ever after a turbulent summer of demonstrations and sit-ins for their unpredictable opponent, Shiite cleric Muqtada al- [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] .
The latter has been out of the limelight since the bloody clashes that took place on August 29 between his supporters, the army and the "Popular Mobilization Forces", after a conflict that sparked with al-Sadr's refusal to appoint al-Sudani as prime minister.
Fabrice Balanche believes that what happened "was a lesson" for al-Sadr, adding that "the opposition is almost absent."
What is Washington doing?
In exchange for Iranian influence, US forces are still stationed in Iraq as part of the international coalition.
Balanche believes that "American influence in Iraq still exists through the threat of possible financial sanctions," referring to monitoring financial transfers and the Iraqi banking system in order to ensure that it is not used by Iran to circumvent sanctions.
He added, "The United States remains in Iraq because it does not want to leave the country to Iran, and because it wants to confine the confrontation to Iraq."
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