Home
First topic message reminder :
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
- PUBLISHED IN 10/15/2015
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
Iraqi Central Bank is responsible for monetary policy in Iraq and its applications and on the developmental role that must be played by Kmussh sovereign sober in the design and application of monetary policy during the period of 2004 the date of the law until the present time through all stages of completion and the failure experienced by who tried through what has been accomplished that creates the kind of economic stability in spite of the lack of security and political stability and the difficulties and the objective and subjective conditions that accompany his work where there was a tangle of plans and policies. But then it became a monetary policy features and trends, strategies and clear the basis of which a reduction of hyperinflation, which had a negative impact clear to all economic life milestones since the blockade imposed on Iraq in 1991 and as a result of what they suffered Iraq wars for many disorders has become inflation mounts high paces record until he reached the highest rates
It deteriorated all the productive sectors and has become a very big gap between the wages and salaries and high prices in the light of the many changes experienced by the Iraqi economy post-2003, and the issuance of the Iraqi Central Bank Law No. 56 of 2004, under which the Board of the Central Bank of Iraq administration took issue regulations, instructions, and select the mechanisms and tools and applications monetary policy in Iraq in order to achieve the central objectives of basic ones hyperinflation lowering and raising the purchasing value of the Iraqi dinar and maintain a balanced rates compared with foreign currencies, particularly the US dollar in addition to the formation of reserves of foreign currency and management as the body responsible for issuing currency and protect its value at home and abroad.
Add to that the Central Bank of Iraq aims and according to the Bakannouna to the pursuit of stability in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar and promote the preservation of a stable financial system competitive and based on the market and the promotion of economic stability and sustainable growth and prosperity in Iraq ...
The functions of the Central Bank of Iraq in achieving the above objectives are as follows:
The objectives of monetary policy
The objectives of monetary policy to achieve economic growth and stability and to reduce unemployment and stabilize the prices of goods and services and the stability of exchange rates and improve the balance of payments and to achieve these goals through a direct and indirect monetary policy instruments
They can identify the most important of these goals
FOLLOWS:
The case rooted in inflationary phenomenon which Eshrha inflation mainly caused by aggregate demand pressures led inevitably to an imbalance exchange market in terms of the desire of the public to keep cash balances over the supply of those stocks, reflecting the increase in money circulation speed and an increase in inflationary expectations at the same time as has become the latest source of continued inflationary phenomenon President so it was the goal of reducing hyperinflation of the primary purposes of monetary politicians
That the work to strengthen the Iraqi dinar exchange rate as well as the face of the phenomenon of cash substitution and the requirements of the availability of a tight monetary policy of a two-way exchange rate and interest rate, which will affect the money market balance.
Of the basic tasks of the Central Bank of Iraq is to build foreign cash reserve in order to promote and cover the Iraqi dinar exchange rate stability and the creation of valuable money market, one of the successful application of monetary policy indicators.
The management of the currency system to adopt any shift from a small amount of currency chasing a large amount of the price of services and reflects the stability, growth and prosperity stage and on this basis, the proposed project to delete the zeros of the Iraqi dinar launches of good monetary system management considerations and the shift of monetary mass flaccid to block easy cash trading and creativity
Monetary policy tools
Is the monetary policy of the most prominent aimed at achieving economic stability and exchange-rate peg rates in excess of the national economy stronger and more effective to face the economic challenges as the achievement of foreign exchange reserves currently stands at up to $ 61 billion and install the Iraqi dinar exchange rate against the dollar is considered to be necessary and appropriate economic policies and the auctions of foreign currency by the Central Bank of Iraq held a positive role in maintaining the appropriate level of the exchange rate and install a negative role in the lack of control over foreign currency, which led to the escape of a portion of what is sold in individuals currency abroad and formally and without control, hurting the Iraqi economy has taken CBI several steps to expand the list of tools available to monetary policy and to cover the required reserves to include government deposits and the granting of facilities on deposits that mature in a short period in order to allow banks to manage the development of liquidity way more effective and can identify the most important what has been achieved monetary policy tools in the past (2004 - 2015 ) As follows :
First: the relative stability of exchange rates
The current structural stability of the rates of exchange rate despite the ups and downs to the current rates several times during 2014 and 2015, has been granted an opportunity for the Iraqi economy to rebuild and relative growth despite the fact that prices have not stabilized completely and due in part to the lack of stability and the nature of the security conditions and politics and falling global oil prices and the weakness of economic planning through which Iraq was able policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq started to maintain a relatively balanced rate of the Iraqi dinar rate.
Second, monetary policy hardline
The tight monetary policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq as part of a strategy to achieve the goal of stability has shown that the financial system Almdolr taking tends to decline because of the launch of the freedom of foreign exchange in accordance with the Principles and guidelines have been modified several times, but no full Aalsatrh on the cash trading market because of speculation in the parallel market and the weakness of mechanisms and policies adopted and loss of coordination between the competent episodes in Iraq's economic and appliances.
Third: the stability of the financial system
Monetary policy has embarked on the establishment of an effective framework for action works towards strengthening confidence in the local currency to create a strong and deep conditions the stability of the financial system in any transfer of the impact of operational objectives for monetary policy to achieve an immediate objective of the policy itself
Fourth: the reduction of inflationary phenomenon
Reflects the gradual decline in inflationary phenomenon positive effects of the policy of the Central Bank of Iraq in the promotion of exchange of the Iraqi tastiest dinar price peppered strong effects on the stability of goods tradable prices, which Eshrha at the same time the annual inflation basis (expressed in index of consumer prices) which led this policy to reduce
The annual inflation rate to 2.6% in August 2015 and requires from the Iraqi Central Bank to adopt a policy aimed at reducing inflation and to address the trends and causes and in a manner provides critical stability of the wider and order to expedite the economic growth rates and ensure perpetuating through two signals main points, namely strengthening the real interest rate and the price of the Iraqi dinar exchange on to accelerate the balance and stability of the financial market and macroeconomic stability in the country.
Fifth: to control the levels of liquidity and management
According to the economic stability of the rules of monetary policy works analyzing the money supply and narrow in its broadest sense and liquidity position and determine the money supply and its components in the broad sense (cash) but the reality of the application confirms that control the levels of liquidity has not been achieved fully and effectively and had a negative impact on the cash trading activity and thus not control of liquidity in the lower and upper boundaries and within the standards set by the Central Bank of Iraq.
Sixth: stimulate the banks to move towards market
Implementation of monetary policy adopted to serve the expansion of the credit scale and achieve the objectives of economic development has used the bank this tool with a view to controlling liquidity through directed banks to move towards the market and contribute to the economic stability of the monetary credit granted to finance the economic sectors of agriculture, industry, services, trade and housing, but conditions in Iraq economic, security, political, and not to give the key role of the private banking sector led to the weakness of the private sector-led market.
Monetary policy proposals for the next phase applications
Since the Central Bank of Iraq is currently preparing a plan for the coming years in the development of policies, programs and working mechanisms and in particular with regard to the applications of monetary policy and means of supervision and control of the Iraqi banking sector believe that the study made the following observations and suggestions:
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
- PUBLISHED IN 10/15/2015
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
Iraqi Central Bank is responsible for monetary policy in Iraq and its applications and on the developmental role that must be played by Kmussh sovereign sober in the design and application of monetary policy during the period of 2004 the date of the law until the present time through all stages of completion and the failure experienced by who tried through what has been accomplished that creates the kind of economic stability in spite of the lack of security and political stability and the difficulties and the objective and subjective conditions that accompany his work where there was a tangle of plans and policies. But then it became a monetary policy features and trends, strategies and clear the basis of which a reduction of hyperinflation, which had a negative impact clear to all economic life milestones since the blockade imposed on Iraq in 1991 and as a result of what they suffered Iraq wars for many disorders has become inflation mounts high paces record until he reached the highest rates
It deteriorated all the productive sectors and has become a very big gap between the wages and salaries and high prices in the light of the many changes experienced by the Iraqi economy post-2003, and the issuance of the Iraqi Central Bank Law No. 56 of 2004, under which the Board of the Central Bank of Iraq administration took issue regulations, instructions, and select the mechanisms and tools and applications monetary policy in Iraq in order to achieve the central objectives of basic ones hyperinflation lowering and raising the purchasing value of the Iraqi dinar and maintain a balanced rates compared with foreign currencies, particularly the US dollar in addition to the formation of reserves of foreign currency and management as the body responsible for issuing currency and protect its value at home and abroad.
Add to that the Central Bank of Iraq aims and according to the Bakannouna to the pursuit of stability in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar and promote the preservation of a stable financial system competitive and based on the market and the promotion of economic stability and sustainable growth and prosperity in Iraq ...
The functions of the Central Bank of Iraq in achieving the above objectives are as follows:
- Formulation and implementation of monetary policy, including exchange rate policy
- Retention and management of all foreign reserves
- Management of government reserves of gold
- Issuance and management of the Iraqi currency
- Monitoring and enhancing the safety and efficiency of payment systems
- Awalajazac issuing licenses for banks and the regulation and control of banks as defined in the Banking Act No. 94 of 2004.
The objectives of monetary policy
The objectives of monetary policy to achieve economic growth and stability and to reduce unemployment and stabilize the prices of goods and services and the stability of exchange rates and improve the balance of payments and to achieve these goals through a direct and indirect monetary policy instruments
They can identify the most important of these goals
FOLLOWS:
- Reduction of inflation
The case rooted in inflationary phenomenon which Eshrha inflation mainly caused by aggregate demand pressures led inevitably to an imbalance exchange market in terms of the desire of the public to keep cash balances over the supply of those stocks, reflecting the increase in money circulation speed and an increase in inflationary expectations at the same time as has become the latest source of continued inflationary phenomenon President so it was the goal of reducing hyperinflation of the primary purposes of monetary politicians
- Maintain a cash balance of the market
That the work to strengthen the Iraqi dinar exchange rate as well as the face of the phenomenon of cash substitution and the requirements of the availability of a tight monetary policy of a two-way exchange rate and interest rate, which will affect the money market balance.
- Retention and management of foreign reserves (foreign exchange and gold)
Of the basic tasks of the Central Bank of Iraq is to build foreign cash reserve in order to promote and cover the Iraqi dinar exchange rate stability and the creation of valuable money market, one of the successful application of monetary policy indicators.
- Currency reform management system
The management of the currency system to adopt any shift from a small amount of currency chasing a large amount of the price of services and reflects the stability, growth and prosperity stage and on this basis, the proposed project to delete the zeros of the Iraqi dinar launches of good monetary system management considerations and the shift of monetary mass flaccid to block easy cash trading and creativity
Monetary policy tools
Is the monetary policy of the most prominent aimed at achieving economic stability and exchange-rate peg rates in excess of the national economy stronger and more effective to face the economic challenges as the achievement of foreign exchange reserves currently stands at up to $ 61 billion and install the Iraqi dinar exchange rate against the dollar is considered to be necessary and appropriate economic policies and the auctions of foreign currency by the Central Bank of Iraq held a positive role in maintaining the appropriate level of the exchange rate and install a negative role in the lack of control over foreign currency, which led to the escape of a portion of what is sold in individuals currency abroad and formally and without control, hurting the Iraqi economy has taken CBI several steps to expand the list of tools available to monetary policy and to cover the required reserves to include government deposits and the granting of facilities on deposits that mature in a short period in order to allow banks to manage the development of liquidity way more effective and can identify the most important what has been achieved monetary policy tools in the past (2004 - 2015 ) As follows :
First: the relative stability of exchange rates
The current structural stability of the rates of exchange rate despite the ups and downs to the current rates several times during 2014 and 2015, has been granted an opportunity for the Iraqi economy to rebuild and relative growth despite the fact that prices have not stabilized completely and due in part to the lack of stability and the nature of the security conditions and politics and falling global oil prices and the weakness of economic planning through which Iraq was able policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq started to maintain a relatively balanced rate of the Iraqi dinar rate.
Second, monetary policy hardline
The tight monetary policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq as part of a strategy to achieve the goal of stability has shown that the financial system Almdolr taking tends to decline because of the launch of the freedom of foreign exchange in accordance with the Principles and guidelines have been modified several times, but no full Aalsatrh on the cash trading market because of speculation in the parallel market and the weakness of mechanisms and policies adopted and loss of coordination between the competent episodes in Iraq's economic and appliances.
Third: the stability of the financial system
Monetary policy has embarked on the establishment of an effective framework for action works towards strengthening confidence in the local currency to create a strong and deep conditions the stability of the financial system in any transfer of the impact of operational objectives for monetary policy to achieve an immediate objective of the policy itself
Fourth: the reduction of inflationary phenomenon
Reflects the gradual decline in inflationary phenomenon positive effects of the policy of the Central Bank of Iraq in the promotion of exchange of the Iraqi tastiest dinar price peppered strong effects on the stability of goods tradable prices, which Eshrha at the same time the annual inflation basis (expressed in index of consumer prices) which led this policy to reduce
The annual inflation rate to 2.6% in August 2015 and requires from the Iraqi Central Bank to adopt a policy aimed at reducing inflation and to address the trends and causes and in a manner provides critical stability of the wider and order to expedite the economic growth rates and ensure perpetuating through two signals main points, namely strengthening the real interest rate and the price of the Iraqi dinar exchange on to accelerate the balance and stability of the financial market and macroeconomic stability in the country.
Fifth: to control the levels of liquidity and management
According to the economic stability of the rules of monetary policy works analyzing the money supply and narrow in its broadest sense and liquidity position and determine the money supply and its components in the broad sense (cash) but the reality of the application confirms that control the levels of liquidity has not been achieved fully and effectively and had a negative impact on the cash trading activity and thus not control of liquidity in the lower and upper boundaries and within the standards set by the Central Bank of Iraq.
Sixth: stimulate the banks to move towards market
Implementation of monetary policy adopted to serve the expansion of the credit scale and achieve the objectives of economic development has used the bank this tool with a view to controlling liquidity through directed banks to move towards the market and contribute to the economic stability of the monetary credit granted to finance the economic sectors of agriculture, industry, services, trade and housing, but conditions in Iraq economic, security, political, and not to give the key role of the private banking sector led to the weakness of the private sector-led market.
Monetary policy proposals for the next phase applications
Since the Central Bank of Iraq is currently preparing a plan for the coming years in the development of policies, programs and working mechanisms and in particular with regard to the applications of monetary policy and means of supervision and control of the Iraqi banking sector believe that the study made the following observations and suggestions:
- That the Central Bank of Iraq to re-plan and future policies of cash until 2020 with confirmation of its main goal of dealing with inflation and achieve the planned growth in the contribution of the banking sector in the GDP and the central economic task as well as it is necessary to search for new policies to achieve this goal and allows the government and private banks to participate in growth and investment in accordance with the mechanisms and policies can be implemented without the imposition of strict policies and give sufficient elasticity.
- Address the apparent gap between the financial policies of the state and monetary policies adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq and the requirements of the fight against inflationary pressures and reduce the current expenditure and coordination of plans and programs to achieve the rescue of the Iraqi economy from financial collapse.
- Activation of the Iraqi Central Bank's policy control over monetary policy in the private banking system to support and reconsider the policies of lending and the mechanics of credit risk management in the granting of credit to small and medium investment and loans in production and investment sectors that check clear cash flow and revive the economic cycle, which would contribute to the economic development and diversification of financial resources the general budget.
- The Central Bank of Iraq to reconsider study the possibility of lowering the cap timeout law of the volume of deposits in banks and frozen with the Central Bank of Iraq without investment as these frozen funds can invest and benefit from the support of private banks and enable them to expand their investment activities and the search for new banking products also requires the development of mechanisms for lending to banks, which suffer from a severe liquidity crisis due to the general economic situation that Iraq is going through.
- Development and support and stimulate the Iraq Stock Exchange and to find the means and tools that push and effective market and companies index prices in line, assets and standard output and profits by at least inevitably about the true value of stocks and prevent speculation that harm Iraq's asset-which does not fit the true and actual value.
- The Central Bank of Iraq to reconsider the instructions for auction foreign currency and regulate the sale of dollar process and define the role of banks in the mediation between the customer and the central bank in addition to determine the responsibility of the Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Planning in the irregularities committed by some customers and not to download only the responsibility of the banks.
- The establishment of (fund) or (a private portfolio) to certificates of deposit issued by banks wishing to address the deterioration of stock prices in the Iraq Stock Exchange and the addition of new banking management of the current investment investment climate in the market to stimulate as well as increasing the volume of bank deposits, which leads to increased investment activities in all sectors of the economy and thus achieve positive impact for investors.
- The boards of directors of banks in approving operational risk strategy and implementation of the executive management of the bank to ensure that the operational risks associated with all types of banking products selected. And provide a base of information flowing in the bank, which play an important and key role in establishing and maintaining effective framework for operational risk management and follow-up over the possession of the banks an effective system for identifying, measuring and monitoring operational risk as part of risk management.
- And the Central Bank is preparing a regular and independent assessment of the strategies, policies and procedures for bank-related operational risks and the adoption of this regulation as a basic criteria for assessing banks and classification
- Reconsider a provision for doubtful debts in accordance with the list of guidance and re-elasticities and extended extra time for banks to be able to liquidate these debts, most of which go back to earlier periods and most debtors have migrated outside their cities Iraq for security reasons beyond their control and that these ratios lead to a cut in the profits realized actually result These percentages deducted from net profit and thus affect the new investment banking activities.
- Restructuring of the banking sector, especially the government banking sector and to study the privatization of some of its divisions, branches and work on activating the operating banks expand and diversify their banking services especially to increase credit and investment share in a balanced manner with revenues of college to become these banks an effective pillar of economic growth that the move away from the monopoly of some banking operations and the withholding of government activities and public institutions for private banks.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
» Parliamentary Finance Committee discusses amending the three-year budget
» utube 11/26/24 MM&C MM&C Iraq News-Central Bank Iraq-Monetary Stability Excellent-Budget Law 2023,
» "Rich Iraq" seeks "money" to combat methane emissions: internal and external obstacles
» Increase in foreign remittance sales at the Central Bank of Iraq auction
» Its area is 2.5 million acres, and these are its details.. Work begins on a "large" residential city
» Kurdistan Finance delivers employees' salary schedule to the federal government
» Beggars are sweeping the streets of Iraq.. Their numbers are "large" and 90% of them receive welfare
» Settling tax trust claims
» Launching the National School Health Strategy
» Approval to implement service projects in Babylon
» New container handling berths at ports
» Work: Demand for registration in social security
» Reconstruction: Land Bank to be completed next year
» Aiming to enhance services in schools and prevent diseases, the National School Health Strategy for
» Karmian Festival witnesses the conclusion of commercial and industrial contracts
» Focus on the banking sector
» Minister of Trade: Studies Center is a turning point that serves the Iraqi economy
» Economists: Census is a roadmap for development
» Today's newspapers are interested in Al-Sudani's announcement that the population of Iraq exceeds 45
» International Development Bank: Today's incident was an extortion attempt that did not affect our wo
» thirty-sixth session, chaired by the Minister of Planning
» Closed meeting of the Parliamentary Finance Committee to discuss seven files
» The demographic boom in Iraq: an economic opportunity or a social burden?
» Al-Sudani confirms to Russian delegation Iraq's desire to establish a mechanism that brings mutual b
» Parliament holds its session headed by Al-Mashhadani and attended by 168 MPs
» The Iraqi government deducts 1% of the salaries of employees and retirees to donate to Gaza and Leba
» Iran announces its commitment to continuing gas exports to Iraq
» Iraq, Russia discuss energy cooperation
» British Home Secretary to visit Iraq tomorrow
» The next parliament will have 450 members.. Officially, Al-Sudani announces that the population of I
» US Ambassador Warns of 'Frightening Actions': Iraq Does Not Want to Be Drawn into Regional Conflict
» Planning: The announced census results are not preliminary and the number will increase
» Election “hype” begins early.. Al-Maliki insists on holding it and Al-Sudani prepares
» “No more delays”.. Parliament changes the mechanism of holding sessions: “Controversial” laws are re
» Al-Mashhadani to the heads of the blocs: I prefer to vote on the general amnesty law before anything
» Iraq ranks 8th in the Arab world in achieving work-life balance in 2025
» Labor announces issuance of more than a quarter of a million national cards for social protection be
» Iraqi-Chinese research on accelerating combined cycle power projects
» Al-Maliki praises the decision of the International Criminal Court and demands the resolution of the
» Al-Mashhadani calls for voting on the general amnesty law for the “oppressed” before other laws
» Yazan Mishaan Al-Habouri revolts against his "leak": There are those who obstruct the government's e
» US Ambassador: Ending the presence of the international coalition in Iraq is being implemented and w
» Al-Mashhadani directs to raise the suspended laws to the Presidency of the House of Representatives
» "His general situation is unbearable" .. Parliamentarian: Political consensus to keep Iraq away from
» Al-Sudani agrees to launch the “For Her” initiative to support Iraqi women
» Development Bank condemns extortion attempts: It will not affect our workflow
» Iraq-China oil-for-reconstruction deal faltering: A geopolitical shift in the Middle East
» Planning reveals the next step of the census: We will visit these families
» Parliamentary Finance Committee calls on the government to expedite sending the budget tables
» OPEC+ may extend oil cuts at its meeting next Sunday
» Parliamentary Integrity Committee discusses with the Director of Central Oil the file of contracts a
» Government notice regarding the legal status of foreign workers
» House of Representatives holds "important" session today.. Expectations of extending the legislative
» Slight rise in dollar prices against the dinar in Iraqi stock exchanges
» Baghdad "softens" and Kurdistan oil prepares to continue its global journey
» "For 5 million dinars or in installments" .. Iraqi electric cars soon on the streets
» Where did the Intelligence Bill get to in the House of Representatives?
» "Contract Suspicions Series"... What are the loopholes in the Korean air defense system contract in
» MP reveals latest developments in the formation of the new Kurdistan government
» Personal status: imposing a vision or turning Iraq into a copy similar to the Iranian religious regi
» Oral question to the governor.. Parliamentary movement regarding the “Basra, the Economic Capital of
» MM&C 11/25/24 Parliamentarian: We need to extend the legislative chapter to 8 sessions and the bud
» Al-Alaq: The monetary situation in Iraq is excellent and our reserves support the stability of the e
» utube 11/25/24 MM&C MM&C Iraq News-CBI Building Final Touches-Oil Exports-Development Road-Turkey-B
» Parliamentary movement to include the salary scale in the next session
» Parliamentary Finance Committee reveals the budget paragraphs included in the amendment
» Al-Maliki calls on the Bar Association to hold accountable members who violate professional conduct
» Politician: The security agreement with America has many aspects
» Kurdistan Planning: More than 6 million people live in the region, the oldest of them is 126 years o
» Al-Alaq: Arab consensus on the role of central bank programs in addressing challenges
» Economics saves from political drowning
» Agriculture calls for strict ban on import of "industrial fats" and warns of health risks
» Iraq is the fourth largest oil exporter to China
» Railways continue to maintain a number of its lines to ensure the smooth running of trains
» Parliament resumes its sessions tomorrow.. and these are the most important amendments in the budget
» Bitcoin Fails to Continue Rising as It Approaches $100,000
» Minister of Planning: There will be accurate figures for the population of each governorate
» Popular Mobilization Law is ready for voting
» Mechanisms for accepting people with disabilities into postgraduate studies
» Government coordination to create five thousand jobs
» Transport: Next month, a meeting with the international organization to resolve the European ban
» Census is a path to digital government
» Calls to facilitate loans and reduce interest rates for the private sector
» The launch of the third and final phase of the "population census"
» Al-Sudani: We have accomplished a step that is the most prominent in the framework of planning, deve
» Justice discusses modern mechanisms to develop investment in real estate and minors’ money
» Dubai to host Arabplast exhibition next month
» Al-Tamimi: Integrity plays a major role in establishing the foundations of laws that will uphold jus
» Reaching the most important people involved in the "theft of the century" in Diyala
» Transportation: Completion of excavation works and connection of the immersed tunnel manufacturing b
» Between internal and regional challenges... Formation of the Kurdistan government on a "slow fire" a
» Kurdistan Region Presidency: We will issue a regional order to determine the first session of parlia
» The Minister of Foreign Affairs announces the convening of the Ambassadors Conference tomorrow, Mond
» Al-Sudani: Iraq must always be at the forefront
» Al-Mashhadani: We support the Foreign Ministry in confronting any external interference that affects
» Al-Sudani chairs meeting with Oliver Wyman delegation
» Half a million beggars in Iraq.. 90% of them receive welfare salaries
» Sudanese announces preliminary results of the general population and housing census in detail