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Document of the general framework of the National Plan for Reconstruction and Development of the provinces affected by the terrorist and military operations 2 - 5
25/9/2017 12:00 am [rtl]For more than two years, Iraq has been subjected to the most dangerous threat to its existence and stability in the modern era because of the occupation of the cities of Mosul, Tikrit, Ramadi and other cities, districts, districts and villages. As a result, more than 4 million Iraqi citizens have been forced to live and move to other safe cities, to live in camps, incomplete buildings, or in unsuitable shelters, as well as many in cities and host communities Green / June 2016). Section 1: Reconstruction and Development Methodology The process of reconstruction after disasters and crises requires the determination and limitation of damage and the assessment of the immediate and future needs of the reconstruction of the disasters and crises that have been destroyed. The real gaps and the required support are identified and therefore the program and the activities required for its rehabilitation. Discussing the general situation of the Iraqi governorates subject to research, they vary in the size of the damage and destruction inflicted on it, the level of economic activities and groups of society, and what applies to the measurement of damage at the level of economic activities applies at the level of The damage to the individual or the family and the assessment of the necessary requirements for the rehabilitation of society and the individual and its integration into the development process with vigor and effectiveness, especially for the period following the liberation process and the resumption of development (World Bank document 2010 / GFDRR.) Methodology adopted in preparing the reconstruction and development plan The methodology for preparing the reconstruction plan has been adopted according to the context of evaluation by results. From the damage and loss assessment to the needs assessment, the requirements or the material resource requirements for the reconstruction activities are estimated on the basis of the value of the losses, which are spatially and temporally distributed by sector, on the basis of which reconstruction requirements are estimated. It is therefore necessary to define the sectoral and overall objectives of the comprehensive economic reconstruction program and restore the level of per capita income and the family as before the disaster, so as to resume the provision of basic services and resume production activities in the affected areas. The main objective of the reconstruction program is to replace or repair the physical assets that have been destroyed in whole or in part. 1.2 Limiting damages and losses Two main levels of the effects of war and crisis affect society and the economy must be taken into account when conducting the inventory of damage, namely, the total or partial destruction of the physical assets in the affected area and the subsequent changes or modifications necessary to restore the economic development process In the liberated provinces. To assess the economic reconstruction needs of any governorate, an analysis of the potential social and economic impacts of the disaster or the crisis is required on the economic performance of the governorate and the imbalances that may occur at the level of the national economy as a whole, as well as the temporary decline in employment, income, welfare of affected individuals and families. Losses requires an assessment of the extent of damage at both the local and national levels in accordance with the guidance adopted by the World Bank 's Guide to Assessing Damage, Losses and Needs / Guidance Notes (2010). J (2010 / GFDRR). The concept of damages and losses adopted by countries of theworld (according to the document of the World Bank) , the following definitions over the past four decades , the definition of damages and losses in accordance with the following: - Damage: total or partial destruction of physical and intangible assets (rights / documents and official legal documents) located in the affected area. Damage occurs during and immediately after the disaster and is measured in physical units such as square meters for houses, kilometers for streets or any indicators related to damage resulting from the loss / damage / falsification of official legal documents and expresses their monetary value in the form of replacement costs according to prevailing prices prior to the disaster. Losses are the changes caused by the disaster that occurs in the various development sectors (human, infrastructure, economic). They occur until economic recovery and full reconstruction are achieved, and in some cases continue for a few years. Traditional losses include a decline in the output of the productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, industry and trade), low revenues and high costs of services (education, health, water, sanitation, electricity, transport and communications) losses unexpected expenses to meet the humanitarian needs during the emergency phase after the disaster. and expresses losses in current values: - • to be a measure of physical damage to physical units, for example , in meters Murr For homes Ah, and kilometers for the streets. • The measurement of the intangible damage by type or source and the resulting foreseeable or unforeseeable losses can be proved by official reports from specialized agencies. • Calculating the value of the damage in cash according to the prevailing market prices prior to the disaster, indicating the total losses for each governorate, plus estimates of their effects at the national level (all changes in local activities and affecting the national level in the performance of economic and social activities to the level of prosperity of the individual and family) . • Quantitative assessment of the amount of financial requirements for reconstruction and post-crisis economic recovery and for each governorate. • The losses of the economic sectors affected by the amount of decline in output and low productivity such as agriculture, livestock, industry and trade. This leads to the need for low revenues and high costs of public services such as education, health, drinking water, sanitation, electricity, transportation and communications. • To measure the impact on the level of the individual or family, the analysis should include an assessment of the extent of the decline in employment opportunities and the level of income due to losses incurred by the productive and service sector and thus the high expenditure rate of the family or individual. • Disasters destroy various types of physical assets, including the same high endurance such as infrastructure, buildings, equipment, machinery, equipment, household furniture , transportation, warehousing and irrigation. 1.3 Needs assessment 1.3.1 Sector-by-sector evaluation To assess damage and loss, a sector-by-sector assessment approach (bottom-up) is used to assess the overall impact of the disaster and its impact on society and the economy. The general procedures for assessing damage and losses in each sector are described first, followed by detailed procedures for the specificities of each sector. 1.3.2 General evaluation procedures: The traditional steps to be taken during the needs assessment are: • To determine the overall framework of the pre-disaster state of preservation (database and indicators). • Post-disaster scenarios for each governorate (post-disaster data and information) • Assess the overall magnitude of disaster impacts at the county level as a whole • Assess the effects of the disaster in each governorate at the macro-economic level • measure the impact of the disaster on employment and the level of individual and household income (indicators compared to the individual and family level of pre - disaster and beyond) Fourth: Losses and Needs Assessment is estimated damages and losses for each sector by comparing the prevailing before the disaster situation and the conditions prevailing after the fact, set out In the previous two steps. Damage figures are presented on the basis of the replacement value of the underlying asset prior to the disaster, and for losses, it should be estimated at present value. To determine the total value of disaster impacts, damage and losses to all affected sectors should be stated and any possible gaps or duplication of accounts avoided when conducting the assessment. It is important that all intersectoral linkages be taken into account when estimating losses. The total magnitude of the effects of the disaster is then compared with the major macroeconomic variables in order to determine the importance of each impact of the disaster and its consequences on the economy and society. This process is useful in identifying needs for economic recovery and reconstruction. Prepared by the Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation [/rtl] [rtl][You must be registered and logged in to see this link.][/rtl] |
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