Iraq parliament session ends in chaos as turmoil deepens

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Iraq's new parliament, charged with approving a new government and facing a blistering offensive by [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] militants, descended into chaos Tuesday, with some lawmakers threatening each other and others walking out.
      
Despite calls from world leaders and senior clerics for Iraq's fractious politicians to unite, deputies failed to fulfil the constitutional requirement of electing a speaker and the first session of the parliament elected in April ended in disarray.
      
Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's bid for a third term has been battered by the militant offensive which has seen large chunks of five provinces fall out of government control, on top of persistent allegations of sectarianism and consolidation of power.
      
The weeks-long crisis has alarmed world leaders, displaced hundreds of thousands of people and polarised Iraq's Shiite, [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] and Kurdish populations.
      
The disunity quickly manifested itself in the parliament session, which included walkouts, verbal threats and widespread confusion over the country's constitution.
      
Kurdish lawmaker Najiba Najib initially interrupted efforts to select a new parliament speaker, calling on the central government to "end the blockade" and send withheld budget funds to the autonomous Kurdish region.
                     
Kadhim al-Sayadi, a lawmaker in Maliki's bloc, responded by threatening to "crush the heads" of Iraq's Kurds.
      
Several [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] MPs also walked out of the chamber when mention was made of the Islamic State (IS) jihadist group, which is spearheading the militant offensive.
      
After a brief recess called to restore order, several lawmakers did not return, leaving the session no longer quorate.
      
Eventually, Mahdi Hafez, the MP presiding over the session, said parliament would reconvene on July 8 if political leaders are able to reach a deal on senior posts.
      
As part of a de facto agreement in place following previous elections, the prime minister is a Shiite Arab, the speaker a [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Arab and the president a Kurd. All three posts are typically chosen in tandem.
                      
Maliki increasingly looks to be on the way out, facing criticism from senior leaders in all three major communities over allegations of sectarianism, sidelining partners and a marked deterioration in security which culminated in the launch on June 9 of the militant offensive.
      
But the incumbent nevertheless retains a chance, having won by far the most seats in April 30 parliamentary elections.
      
"This has become a much more competitive race for the premiership position," said Ayham Kamel, Middle East and North Africa director for the Eurasia Group consultancy.
      
"The broad direction here is to be more inclusive, at least when it comes to the [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] community, and figure out a power-sharing deal."       

Though the vast majority of Iraq's [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Arab minority do not actively support militants, analysts say their anger over alleged mistreatment by the Shiite-led authorities means they are less likely to cooperate with the security forces, fostering an environment in which militancy can flourish.
      
Kamel noted that any military successes on the ground could boost Maliki's chances, with thousands of troops taking part in an ambitious operation aimed at retaking executed dictator Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit, which fell on June 11.
                      
Iraqi forces initially wilted in the face of the onslaught but have since performed more capably, with security officials touting apparent progress in recapturing the city.
      
They have nevertheless suffered heavy casualties in the past few weeks, with nearly 900 security personnel among the 2,400 people who died in June, the highest such figure in years, according to the UN.
      
The security forces are battling militants led by the IS jihadist group, which on Sunday declared a "caliphate", an Islamic form of government last seen under the Ottoman Empire, and ordered Muslims worldwide to pledge allegiance to their chief.
      
Though the move may not have immediate significant impact on the ground, it is an indicator of the group's confidence and marks a move against Al-Qaeda, from which it broke away, in particular.
      
Iraq has appealed for the [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] to carry out air strikes against the jihadists, but Washington, which further bolstered security at its embassy on Monday, has so far not acceded, and has said that planned deliveries of F-16 fighter jets could even be delayed.
      
Baghdad has meanwhile recently purchased more than a dozen [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] warplanes to bolster its fledgling air force as it takes the fight to militants holding a string of towns and cities.

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BAGHDAD — Iraq’s new parliament ended its inaugural session Tuesday after failing to make any progress in choosing a new prime minister even as the country faces a militant blitz that threatens to rip it apart and a spike in violence that made June the deadliest month in at least two years.

Acting speaker Mahdi al-Hafidh called off the proceedings after most of the 328-member legislature’s Sunni and Kurdish lawmakers did not return after a short break. Their absence deprived parliament of a quorum.

The entire session, from the opening national anthem to al-Hafidh’s final words, lasted less than two hours. The impasse prolongs what has already been days of intense jockeying as political blocs try to decide on the posts of prime minister, president and speaker of parliament.

The country’s top Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, urged lawmakers last week to agree on the three posts before Tuesday’s meeting in hopes of averting months of wrangling that could further destabilize the country. But Tuesday’s session dashed the prospects — always far-fetched — of a quick compromise.

Embattled incumbent Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki — whose bloc won the most seats in April elections — is under intense pressure to step aside. Sunnis and Kurds accuse him of breaking promises, and long-held Sunni grievances are seen as one of the main factors driving resurgent militancy in the country.

The need for a new government that can keep the country together is urgent following the recent offensive spearheaded by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, an al-Qaida breakaway group that has overrun much of northern and western Iraq.

The threat posed to Iraq by the recent militant offensive was underlined by new casualty figures released Tuesday by the United Nations that put June’s death toll at 2,417 — making it the deadliest month so far this year.

The figures issued by the UN mission to Iraq include 1,531 civilians and 886 security forces. UNAMI added that 2,287 Iraqis, including 1,763 civilians, were wounded.

The figures exclude deaths in embattled Anbar province, which is largely controlled by Sunni militants.
The second deadliest month this year was May, with 799 Iraqis killed, including 603 civilians. April’s death toll was 750.

The latest casualty figures exceed even last year’s peak. The U.N. reported that last July at least 1,057 Iraqis were killed and another 2,326 were wounded.

“The staggering number of civilian casualties in one month points to the urgent need for all to ensure that civilians are protected,” the UN Special Representative in Iraq, Nickolay Mladenov, said in the statement.
Mladenov called on Iraqi political rivals to “work together to foil attempts to destroy the social fabric of Iraqi society.”

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