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Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality

Welcome to the Neno's Place!

Neno's Place Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality


Neno

I can be reached by phone or text 8am-7pm cst 972-768-9772 or, once joining the board I can be reached by a (PM) Private Message.

Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality

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Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality

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    Transformations of the Sunni political class

    Rocky
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    • Post n°1

    Transformations of the Sunni political class Empty Transformations of the Sunni political class

    Post by Rocky Fri 03 May 2019, 3:48 am


    [size=32]Transformations of the Sunni political class

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    For many objective reasons, Sunni Arab elites dominated the Iraqi state, which was formally declared in 1921, and the Kurds who were in attendance were strongly present in this context. The apparent Shiite absence was not a direct result of the Shiite clerics' position on occupation or the nature of the nascent state, but rather a direct result of the absence of urban Shiite elites. The urban elites were a direct product of the nature of the Ottoman state that ruled Iraq, and the presence of the doctrine explicitly in the formulation of the relationship with it.
    After the British occupation of Baghdad on 11 March 1917 (the British brought down their forces in Faw, southern Iraq on 6 November 1914), the first Iraqi government headed by Captain Ashraf Abdul Rahman al-Kilani was formed on 11 November 1920, The ministers in this government reveal the control of the Sunni urban elites on most ministries (6 ministries out of a total of 8 versus the Jewish ministry of Sasson Hazikil and the Ministry of Vacancy). Subsequently, one ministry, namely the Ministry of Education and Public Health, was replaced by a Shiite figure 22 February 1922)! The government also included ministers without ministerial posts distributed among the urban elites as well as the elders of the major clans, and were more satisfied than real positions!
    After King Faisal I assumed the throne of Iraq (he was crowned King of Iraq on August 23, 1921) after his expulsion from the Syrian regime by the French (he was crowned King of Syria on 8 March 1918 and expelled by the French after entering Damascus on July 24, 1920 After the famous Maysalon incident). The dominance of the Sunni Arab elites, whether through the Sunni Arab officers who were part of the Ottoman armies and then split up, mainly after their families, was to fight with Prince Faisal in the so-called Great Arab Revolt promulgated by Sharif bin Ali on 10 June 1916 The deviation that occurred in the Ottoman Caliphate, or from the Sunni urban elites that worked with him in Damascus during his rule there. They formed the foundation of the nascent state. 
    Thus, the first ministry under the new king, headed by Abdul Rahman al-Kilani himself, was formed on 12 September 1921 to include nine Sunni ministers, two Shiite ministers, and two Jewish and Christian ministers!
    During the years 1958-1963 we saw real transformations in the nature of the Sunni elites that began to overtly displace the traditional Sunni urban political elite in favor of other Sunni elites from outside the major urban cities
    Thus, throughout the reign of the monarchy, the Iraqi state remained dependent on Sunni urban elites in the administration of the state, with limited participation of Shiite religious and tribal elites. This was reflected in the parliamentary councils that were adopted after the 1925 constitution. Thus, we found a clear dominance of the Sunni urban elites who were taking their seats as representatives of areas with a Shiite majority. 
    In spite of the great transformations that have posed a real challenge to the traditional urban elites, beginning with the great demographic change that took place in the Iraqi cities due to the massive exodus, the spread of education, the successive missions that were representative of all, and the most important successive Iraqi government policies that tried to find remedies for this social imbalance The Sunni political representation remained clearly dominant over the structure of the Iraqi state, and the sectarian question remained silent, especially with regard to the majority and the minority, or the state structure and identity!
    This prompted the Shiite cleric Muhammad Hussein Kashif cover in 1935 to launch what is known in the Shiite literature as «demands of the Shiites». Which included 12 articles, stated in the first article: «The Iraqi government, since its establishment until today, adopted a policy of clumsy incompatible with the interests of the people, and took the policy of sectarian division basis for governance; the majority of the people represented one minister or two ministers, At the most, its policies were based on the government's policy of recruitment. There was a clear bias in the selection of employees. There was a clear bias in the selection of employees and members of the National Assembly, while the Basic Law did not discriminate among the country's citizens. Basic », so find only Stability and tranquility in the hearts of the people, and lifting the distinction between the people of the nation, should contribute to everyone in the «Council of Ministers» and in the «National Assembly», and in other functions of the state, and contributes to the military and taxes.
    After the Revolution / Free Officers' coup against the monarchy led by Abd al-Karim Qasim and Abdul Rahman Aref on July 14, 1958, despite attempts to answer the sectarian question in Iraq through the formation of the Council of Sovereignty, which included three people (Sunni, Shi'a and Kurd)! The absolute dictatorship adopted by Prime Minister Abdul Karim Qasim has transformed the Council of Gentlemen into a mere decoration with no real value. During the years 1958-1963, we witnessed real transformations in the nature of the Sunni elites that began to overtly displace the traditional Sunni urban political elite in favor of other Sunni elites from outside the main urban cities! Where these new elites will impose absolute hegemony over political life in Iraq in later stages.
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