[size=38]Why did America fail to establish a solid democratic system in Iraq?[/size]
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March 18, 2023[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
Baghdad / Obelisk: Current and former officials believe that the United States is still suffering from the consequences of the invasion of Iraq 20 years ago, which led to the decline of its influence and cost it the price of the survival of American forces in Iraq and Syria to confront ISIS until now.
They say that former President George W. Bush's decision in 2003 to overthrow Saddam Hussein by force, the reduction of US forces that led to the outbreak of sectarian conflict, and the eventual US withdrawal in 2011, are factors that led to the complex situation of US policy in the Middle East.
The end of Sunni minority rule led by Saddam and his replacement by a Shi'ite majority government in Iraq unleashed Iran's deepening influence across the Levant, especially Syria.
Blaming Washington's failure to secure Iraq, former US Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage said, "Our inability and lack of desire to tighten our security control allowed the chaos that led to the emergence of ISIS."
Armitage, who served under Republican Bush when the United States invaded Iraq, said the US invasion may have been as big a strategic mistake as Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, which ended in Germany's defeat in World War Two.
High costs
The cost of US intervention in Iraq and Syria has been enormous.
According to estimates from the Costs of War Study published by Brown University this week, the cost of the wars in Iraq and Syria so far has reached $1.79 trillion, including spending by the Pentagon, State Department, veterans' welfare and interest on conflict financing debt. And that cost would rise to $2.89 trillion when taking into account the projected cost of veterans care through 2050.
The study estimates the death toll of the US military in Iraq and Syria over more than 20 years at 4,599 dead, and when calculating civilians in both countries, the army, police, opposition fighters, media personnel and others, the number reaches between 550 and 584 thousand, and this number includes the dead who fell in the war, but It does not include indirect deaths resulting from disease, displacement or famine.
Not many current and former officials believe Bolton believes toppling Saddam was worth the cost.
Asked what came to mind when the invasion and its aftermath, Armitage replied with the word Foubar, a military acronym for chaos beyond all bounds.
Larry Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Secretary of State Colin Powell, was a disaster.
There were conflicting opinions regarding the feasibility of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, as some considered that the invasion was necessary to remove Saddam Hussein's regime and cleanse Iraq of the alleged nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that the US rulers and their allies were talking about. On the other hand, others considered that the invasion was wrong and unjustified, and that it led to chaos and turmoil in Iraq, and did not achieve any of the goals that were set at the start of the military campaign.
One of the most important evidences used by opponents of the invasion to refute its usefulness is the absence of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons in Iraq, and this was revealed later after the invasion of the country, and there were accusations against the US government of misleading public opinion and falsifying information to justify the war. The invasion also led to an exacerbation of religious and ethnic conflicts, turning Iraq into a playground for war between armed factions, and destabilizing the entire region.
The Iraqi researcher residing in London, Adnan Abu Zaid, believes that the opportunity for Iraqis to obtain democracy and freedom is caused by regional powers that conspired to empty the democratic experience of its content. .
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