About the Labor Organization - The Status of the Working Class in Iraq and its Effects on Labor Orga

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
     

In this section I will discuss how the working class is subjected to a severe economic attack, which led to a deepening oppression of workers and terrorism and paralyze their abilities and intimidate them from any acts of protest. This attack is about how and why and at what cost employers buy workers' labor force.
It is well known that after 2003, the parties of the Islamic and national bourgeoisie struggle with each other to obtain wealth through the distribution of quotas among them, starting with their feverish attempt to reach the parliament and beyond, and to reach the ministerial chairs. Every ministerial chair is a source and a resource to earn wealth by means of corrupt and systematic looting based on the principle of obtaining the quota in an organized process. It may not be useful here to use the word "corruption" because it is an exception to a general rule. But the general rule here is this organization. Getting money is the goal, free of charge, without any effort, without work, and getting the billions from the top of the state to the smallest cell, vertically and horizontally. In the face of this endeavor, no other value remains and can not withstand the goal of obtaining money. This is not new. Access to money, profits or wealth is the goal of the existence of the capitalist class and the place of its pursuit and "struggle" to survive and to maintain its existence. Apart from this, they are just clumsy and demagogic.

Therefore, relying on oil and not "diversifying sources of economy" as they say for years, is not a coincidence, it is an achievement. The oil saved them money Why do they go on to develop industry, trade, tourism or agriculture? The important thing is to get the money. This money will only be obtained by those who are in power, close to it, and cooperating with it. Apart from these, they have the "right to demonstrate" !! It is a constitutional right !! 

Let us now look at how workers are subjected to economic pressures that make it difficult for them to "venture" by organizing their objections and protests. Both in terms of losing their jobs and dismissing them, or in terms of being subjected to "legal" sanctions or sanctions imposed by the current political labyrinths in Iraq, such as parties and militias.

Some say that his economic system is not known whether he is capitalist or socialist. This confusion can be attributed to the existence of public sector institutions that are still under the domination of the parties or the dominance of the state. These institutions mainly have their economy distorted and unnatural. They are weak, unproductive, or completely out of business. It is a source that generates huge financial possibilities for those who maintain it despite its economic inefficiency. Keeping them in place could save the state a headache in the event of their dismissal. The number of workers in this sector is almost half a million. However, the Islamic parties are benefiting from their control over state institutions, in terms of political dominance of employees, In terms of receiving money because there are many of the space, in the words of Haider Abadi. In these institutions, a number of former political detractors were also involved, but they were also exposed to economic harassment in terms of non-payment of salaries, delay in paying them, taxation and bargaining and the deduction of quotas for those responsible. The employees in this sector, Industrial competition, often accumulate their products, which stops their work. They remain workers without work. They receive salaries, wages, half wages or half salaries in a barbed, unnatural situation. This in itself weakens the ground for workers to organize themselves in those places of work (they receive their salaries while they are sitting at home, or even at work, but without work). The Iraqi government is under pressure from the International Monetary Fund to shut down those factories as the latter is not productive and is "wasting" state funds.This in itself weakens the ground for workers to organize themselves in those places of work (they receive their salaries while they are sitting at home, or even at work, but without work). The Iraqi government is under pressure from the International Monetary Fund to shut down those factories as the latter is not productive and is "wasting" state funds. This in itself weakens the ground for workers to organize themselves in those places of work (they receive their salaries while they are sitting at home, or even at work, but without work). The Iraqi government is under pressure from the International Monetary Fund to shut down those factories as the latter is not productive and is "wasting" state funds.

In privatized enterprises, the loss of jobs is not a threat, it is a reality.More workers and employees (workers employed in the public sector under Law 150 of 1987) moved to the army of the unemployed, which resulted from the sale of a number of public sector institutions, as mentioned in Part V to the private sector, where state institutions decreased year after year. The sale or privatization process is ongoing and is sweeping new factories every day, the last of which is not the latest preparations for the sale of Samarra pharmaceutical factory in Samarra, and this threatens the workers to reduce their numbers. The privatization process began in Iraq since the rule of the former regime at the end of the 1980s, but it began to take a more insidious course in Iraq 15 years ago.
The referral of the self-financing factories and their aftermath after 2003 forced their employees to finance themselves in terms of production, distribution, sales and payment of wages to their employees. This approach was followed by the previous regime, where the government contributes 60% of corporate finance and 40% of its sales to its expenses. Currently most of the companies of the Ministry of Industry in Iraq are financed by the self-financing system by taking advances from banks or loans from the Ministry of Finance to cover the deficit in the payment of salaries of its workers and employees. Where these companies lack the ability not to produce but to distribute and sell their products, to the local market. One of the clients of these companies is supposed to be the ministries of the state itself, but the ministries of state do not buy goods from domestic production for financial considerations as the import guarantees them access to huge financial possibilities because of the ratios and comets obtained from the purchase of local goods. Which leads to the inability of industrial institutions that rely on self-financing to finance themselves, and then forced the workers either to refer themselves to retirement or to resign from work. There are also political reasons for not buying goods from the institutions of parties, the ministry of the party does not buy the goods of the institutions of the party's public ministry, in order to thwart their economic projects and then cause material losses to them. In sum, with the accumulation of goods produced by state institutions that are centrally or self-financed, workers lose their jobs day after day, either retired or not paid. There are also political reasons for not buying goods from the institutions of parties, the ministry of the party does not buy the goods of the institutions of the party's public ministry, in order to thwart their economic projects and then cause material losses to them. In sum, with the accumulation of goods produced by state institutions that are centrally or self-financed, workers lose their jobs day after day, either retired or not paid. There are also political reasons for not buying goods from the institutions of parties, the ministry of the party does not buy the goods of the institutions of the party's public ministry, in order to thwart their economic projects and then cause material losses to them. In sum, with the accumulation of goods produced by state institutions that are centrally or self-financed, workers lose their jobs day after day, either retired or not paid.
The government resorted to appointing workers in public sector institutions according to the system of temporary contracts, which includes workers, engineers and technicians. The failure to sign permanent contracts means that there is no economic security and workers' sense of permanent danger of ending their contracts and transferring them to conditions of poverty and destitution, and that means allowing companies to evade any responsibility towards them is not covered by the rights that are available to permanent workers.Depriving them of pension rights, social security, health, labor injury, etc., as stipulated in the Labor Law for Workers in the Public Sector (Law No. 37 of 2015). Which leads to their dismissal from work without warning and without any rights. This threat, which threatens temporary contract workers, works like a sword on their necks. If they make any protest or objection, the expulsion to the street will be for their own benefit and without any protection. Employers often claim from the public sector, they are basically redundant !!
In spite of all this, the mentality of capitalism has revealed the discovery of new ways of exploiting workers. Some organizations employ volunteers, for example, in the education sector. Many unpaid university teachers work in the health sector in hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan, rather than hiring workers. To establish them in jobs once new government jobs have been launched. Everyone knows that people pay big bribes in order to get appointments in state institutions, not just for voluntary work initiated by the job seeker.This type of job opportunity after a period of voluntary work is fairly common in Western institutions, especially in the third sector, the non-governmental organizations sector, but it does not work in the government sector in a state, laws and economic relations as in Iraq.
In addition, some employers have sought to gain profits in the private sector by making customers pay workers' wages. At the filling stations, employers do not pay wages to workers, but rather make them the buyer. The owners of the cars are the ones who buy the worker's service with "gratuitous or bashish" payment, thus leaving the owners of the stations responsible for paying wages to the workers who work for them. The worker, who has no financial source, is willing to work with the hope of obtaining "car" from the car markets that help them refuel their cars.
However, there is a wide range of temporary, unstructured, and unstructured workers, which form a million-dollar class not in Iraq but in every capitalist country. This category of unemployment is a reserve for the capitalist class, Production sites. Which we will devote to the next part of this series, are the weapon of the capitalist class to impose its harsh conditions in the work on workers. As they use unemployment or the unskilled labor force as a threat to acquiescence and subjugate workers to work conditions or else they will replace them with workers. Let us read what an ILO report says:
"The informal economy is spreading in a context of high unemployment, underemployment, poverty, gender inequality and vulnerability, and under these conditions plays a significant role, especially in income generation, because of its relatively easy access and low educational, skills, technology and capital requirements. Enter the informal economy not by choice, but by the need to survive and access to basic income-generating activities.2 The informal economy is characterized by acute deficits in decent work and a disproportionate share of the working poor. While some activities offer reasonable livelihoods and incomes, most people working in the informal economy are faced with inadequate and unsafe working conditions, high levels of illiteracy, low levels of skills and insufficient training opportunities; they have less stable, less regular incomes and lower levels They are more physically and financially vulnerable because working in the informal economy is either excluded from social security schemes and is not more likely to occur in the informal economy. Have inadequate and unsafe working conditions and suffer from high levels of illiteracy, low levels of skills and insufficient training opportunities; they have less stable, less regular incomes and lower levels of income than in the formal economy. They suffer longer hours of work and lack of collective bargaining and representation rights Their employment status is ambiguous or hidden; they are more physically and financially vulnerable because work in the informal economy is excluded from social security schemes, safety, health, maternity and other labor protection legislation, "This explanation gives a summary of the realities of unemployment, informal or uneducated employment, as bourgeois literature likes to call it. Have inadequate and unsafe working conditions and suffer from high levels of illiteracy, low levels of skills and insufficient training opportunities; they have less stable, less regular incomes and lower levels of income than in the formal economy. They suffer longer hours of work and lack of collective bargaining and representation rights Their employment status is ambiguous or hidden; they are more physically and financially vulnerable because work in the informal economy is excluded from social security schemes, safety, health, maternity and other labor protection legislation, "This explanation gives a summary of the realities of unemployment, informal or uneducated employment, as bourgeois literature likes to call it.
Despite all the obvious economic pressures on workers, it is clear that foreign workers are the most affected workers in Iraq. Iraq is one of the countries that has not signed the Convention for the Protection of Refugee Workers, just like America and 30 other countries. They live in conditions that are no different from slavery. Long working hours, tight working conditions, and very low wages which no Iraqi worker can accept because of their inability to cover their living expenses, the migrant worker seeking employment has to accept all these conditions for the unfairness of the situation he left in search of a job. Employers often employ foreign workers to replace local workers. This is assumed by the capitalist profit-making laws, but the part that should not be part of the struggle of socialist forces, communism and class workers is to defend workers and their rights, whatever their nationality.
All these conditions are paid because workers suffer deprivation from being unable to enjoy decent life opportunities. The workers live in very poor housing conditions and are unable to provide them with adequate housing due to economic difficulties. 90% of the houses built in Iraq were in slums. In Baghdad alone, more than 740,000 housing units have been built informally, living in poor neighborhoods or on the outskirts of the city, most of them lacking water, electricity, sewerage and no services. Workers or unemployed often go on to secure housing without forcing the state to take action.They do not demand the right to housing, but they go on their own to build houses in the so-called slums or partitions. On the other hand, nearly 35% of Iraqi youth in working age suffer from not even completing primary education. According to Sandov International Monetary Fund.
Either the suspension of payment of salaries has been and still from the pressures added to the working class in Iraq. The workers of the subsidiaries of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals have suffered from the disruption of their salaries, the abolition of incentive schemes and incentives, which expose workers' lives and the lives of their families to severe dengue. With the policy of austerity, workers were the first to pay the price of those conflicts and this policy. The layoffs of workers are one of the challenges facing workers and deprive them of their ability to confront a sword that is slung on their necks. Workers working in slavery situations, like brick factories, can not claim their rights because they are fired from work.
All these economic pressures and the threat of depriving them of jobs and wages would enable capitalism to continue to discourage the working class and to prepare them to face them. However, the real capacity of the working class in terms of production Wealth in society, especially oil, actually makes them stronger in comparison to capitalism, but this power emerges when the workers organize themselves in their organizations and have a bargaining power capable of imposing their will on employers. They have real power in the workplace. 
Sources: 

- On the issue of housing see: February 3, 2017. IRAQ- SYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC at the following link:[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] txt
Investment Laws in Muslim Countries Handbook Volume 1 Investment Laws, Regulations and Opportunities in Selected Countries. 2015. 

International Labor Office, Geneva, 2013. (Transition from the informal economy to the formal economy). On the following link. 
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]



[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]