Iraq Electricity .. Comparisons and objectives

Iraq Electricity .. Comparisons and objectives



5/27/2017 0:00

Dr. Ahmed Ali Abrihi the
press dealt with the problem of electricity too much, taken by the parties , the subject of political competition , but the language of the complaint and the justification and incitement at the expense of understanding of the subject in his own language and ways of treatment within the substantive economic potential and opportunities for reform. The accumulation of the impact of population growth , with a shift towards the use of more electricity in the model of living and systems of communication and information demand rising towards levels of the Ministry of Electricity has not succeeded in keep up. And investment experience in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the cost of these operations in dire need of serious review. We offer the following some initial indications for those interested in the topic.
The average electricity generation per capita in the world, in 2015, approximately 3.29 MW hour, and in Iraq 2.64 MW hour in 2014 is equivalent to 80 percent of the world average and that of Iraq except Kurdistan.
The countries vary in the consumption of electricity generated depending on income levels and the structure of production. For example , the average electricity generation per capita in Sweden 17.55 MW per person per hour is equivalent to 533 percent of the world average, while in India , 1.02 MW hour by 31 percent of the global average. Usually it slows down the growth of electricity, Toleda and consumption in developed countries and is accelerating in developing countries, according to their economic growth rates, on the path of Hakha developed countries.
Therefore, we find the growth of the total electricity generated by the rate in the United States and Sweden close to zero between 2005 and 2015 and negative in Japan for the same period, while in China and India was the annual growth rates of the vehicle electricity generated 8.8 percent and 6.6 percent respectively for the same period. China surpassed the world average per capita electricity by 26 percent, became the first country to produce electricity in the world but it is still the lowest one - third of the US per capita consumption level.
In the region , Turkey and Iran , close to the world average, while Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates 334 percent and 392 percent of the global average per capita growth per year and have completed the total electricity generated 6.4 percent and 7.4 percent for the comparative period above.
The electricity processed from the Ministry of Electricity in Iraq 28.4 million megawatt hours in 1990 became 35.6 million megawatt hours in 2002 and 80.2 million MWh in 2014. The rate of annual growth of 1.9 percent for the first period and 7 percent between 2002 and 2014. It is known that the formal processing Electricity lowest demand substantial difference where we can say without hesitation that the problem of electricity remain, especially since the current demand , which is unable to produce the Ministry of Electricity on the face is mainly a consumer and family sector as Chairperson. When the advancement of manufacturing production, and commodity activity generally, the gap will widen to confusing levels, that if we accept that the electricity deficit itself from the constraints of development.
When you go back to 1990 , we note that 76 percent of the electricity generated in Iraq thermal (steam), and 8 percent of which only gas and the rest hydroelectricity, from the watershed dams associated with the irrigation system. And remained the electricity generated from the steam to the stations as they are now in 1990 almost. After that was 21.5 million megawatt hours relapsed in 2006 to 13.5 million megawatt hours to restore the capacity of approximately 1990 about 21.1 million megawatt hours.
The improvement accomplished by the Ministry of Electricity Fmsdrh gas generation units published on most of the provinces. In 2014 became the generation of gas units 37.3 million megawatt hours by 47 percent of electricity processed, an official from the Ministry of Electricity, while Bukhari source dropped to 26 percent, and said the Ministry of Electricity generation diesel buys from foreign and local sources, too, is up all sources of non steam and gas units to 21.8 percent of the total electricity processed.
Electricity in Iraq to the early fifties of the last century were equipped with diesel generators and at the local level , and most of the lighting in the cities of Iraq and moved to the thermal generation (Bukhari) in the context of the development program (reconstruction) and represents a terminal session the first of the transformation, which is logical and consistent trend with the cost of standard / benefit to the longer term, because the generation Bukhari to benefit from economies of scale, which is based on the uniform Hekh as long as the national consumption on the local scale does not normally absorb power generation in thermal stations.
The units gas generation are small in size and it requires the establishment of many of them , but the shortest construction and technical requirements simpler period, and sought refuge in Iraq when it was unable to lure a solid and high capacity companies in such situations experienced by Iraq and still so far.
The reason for the reluctance of major companies to enter Iraq from normal terms with the huge funds required by the generation Bukhari capital and reduce investment allocations to sustain huge current expenditure, which is difficult politically and socially repressed may overlap.
Ministry estimates electricity demand 108 million megawatt hours in 2014, in Iraq outside of Kurdistan, which means that the electricity supplier from the ministry is equivalent to 74 percent of that demand, and this estimate seems realistic, and in the coming years will increase demand due to the resumption of the normal situation in addition to other factors such as income and population growth and the impact of commodity sectors.
Iraq needs a thorough review of the course of investment in thermal generation that failed or disrupted, and how it can resume investment effort on other grounds. It is important, certainly, to focus on costs, capital and operational, and the analysis of sources to cost components and based on international comparisons on the best face on the one hand information and methods of analysis of sources. What is meant is not the financial concept of the economic cost but on the macro level and in this context is seen fuel costs in real terms and the costs of wasting resources Ilut and processing requirements. For this purpose also be returned to read the documentation strategy of energy and painted, those documents, for the electricity sector in the supply and demand sides, especially as it showed the advantage of thermal generation and the use of gas for this purpose on crude oil account, and recommended combining projects for water desalination and electricity generation with gas in Basra. The True analysis of the costs reveals shortcomings and negligence and administrative breakthroughs vested interests.
The abundance of energy sources in Iraq's oil and gas leading to the advantages of energy - intensive industries , and this is another reason to speed up investment in electricity, and technical development in the areas of commodity production has been associated with the shift towards electricity, as well as automation of electronic many services activities.
Electricity an essential entrance to all economic activities , it is necessary to reach the potential to generate a reasonable amount of surplus and allows maneuvering periodic maintenance and renewal. The cost of the unit equipped with electricity have a significant role in determining the international competitiveness of Iraq , and therefore the future of imports and exports. This , along with the requirements of family welfare, public services, including education, health and government administration.
Useful planning to reach the production of electricity in Iraq from the current level of up to 80 million megawatt - hour to 450 million MWh end of 2043. In other words the transition from the current generation capacity estimated at 9,000 MW or less to 50,000 MW or more. This target requires huge resources invested to build the generation capacities, and learned from the published data for other countries that the capital cost of MW of generating capacity, as well as operational cost, on average, Taatvohta much , according to technology and fuel type, and economies of scale significant meaning that the cost is deducted for power unit or unit produced decreases with the increase in the size of the power plant.
For example , the Organization of the Energy Information US published, in August 2016, a group of new power plants costs, fuel fossil, which will work in 2022, and those discounted costs to be the value of the base year 2015, and notes , including the capital cost rate of MW product hours ranging from 13 dollars to $ 97 to the nearest dollar, but the total cost varied from $ 57 to $ 140 per megawatt hour product and the difference is due to operational costs , including fuel. And another group intervention work in 2040 ranged from the cost of capital for the product MW hour between $ 12 to $ 83, and the total cost of the product MW hour between $ 56 to $ 126.
In any case , it seems that the capital costs of the suggested target of Iraq within the scope of the above possibilities of funding. Of course , the cost of operating in Iraq vary depending on wages, prices of fuel and maintenance services than in other countries, but the capital costs converge. So much needed to check the cost of generation projects times and times and subjecting those projects to analyze the confidence, and before that the exact description of the stations independent studies on the point of design and this and that independently of the
source systems and contracting execution processing.
And also, and this is important and very important, it must be re - consideration of approaches to specialized, disciplined , systematic, to develop the energy sector in Iraq with the most economic substance care and the principle of utility cost at the macro level, and in the framework of the development of the economy and manufacturing by linking tightly.

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