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[size=33]The way to salvation.. Why does Iraq seek to return to the Arab ranks?[/size]
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Baghdad Second Conference for Cooperation and Partnership. (Shutterstock)
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Mohammad Al Arabi
8/13/2023|Last updated: 8/13/2023
In October 2022, [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] was assigned to head the Iraqi government after a political crisis that is the longest in the country since the American invasion. Al-Sudani ascended to his new position at the height of the political stalemate, and during a dire economic situation in the country. However, he managed to gain a foothold within the circles of power in a country looking for internal stability, taking advantage of the calm that the external arena knows, which witnessed a remarkable breakthrough in relations. Saudi-Iranian after years of estrangement, and paradoxically, Iraq itself played an important role in the political efforts that paved the way for the signing of the "Beijing Agreement" (1), which restored relations between Riyadh and Tehran with Chinese mediation.
Baghdad seemed to have enough motives to engage in active efforts to bring the two regional rivals closer together. After nearly two decades during which Tehran held the reins in Iraqi politics in the wake of the US invasion, Iraq was seeking a new kind of equilibrium to restore its position as an Arab power. By establishing positive relations with Arab countries, particularly the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, the former Iraqi prime minister, played the role of the godfather of that strategy, because he was convinced that Iraq (2) had the ability to combine Saudi and Iranian interests together, without having to lose one of the two allies, or fall into a difficult balancing act.
Despite this declared desire to stand at the same distance from everyone, several indications issued by the Iraqi government indicate that it wants to draw its directions away from the Iranian squadron. Instead of the term "Persian Gulf" adopted by Iran, during Iraq's hosting of the Arab Gulf Championship at the beginning of this year, a recall was repeated again in May against the background of Iranian allegations that Iraq hosted "separatist groups" during an official ceremony in Iraqi Kurdistan, which is a term Tehran uses it to describe Iranian Kurdish groups.
Baghdad played a prominent role in most of the major issues and turmoil that ravaged the region during the 1990s and earlier. Beginning with being a founding member of the League of Arab States in the 1940s, then adopting the socialist ideology of the Syrian Baath Party, before the Baathist leadership shifted to Iraq, which fell under the rule of the Baathists from the sixties until the American invasion. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] was "One Arab nation with an eternal message." expansionism" of Iraq is in tensions with its Arab neighbors, especially in the Arab Gulf states.
However, in the same year that Saddam Hussein came to power, the Iranian Islamic Revolution broke out in 1979, causing great anxiety in Arab circles that exceeded that which was left behind by Iraq's socialist and nationalist approach. Saddam sought to exploit these developments to create an image of "Arab alignment", as he signed the Arab Defense Pact in February 1980, for reasons that were initially undeclared, but then became clear, represented in granting legitimacy to his upcoming war against Iran, which he wanted (3) To fight it in the name of the Arabs and not in the name of Iraq alone, especially since Tehran had already begun to mobilize the Shiite communities (4), and penetrate the previously impregnable political and ideological spaces in a number of Arab countries, led by Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.
Saddam Hussein entered the war in the name of the Arabs, and Khomeini's new Iran drank the cup of poison for eight years, and Iraq drank from the same cup, as the war caused heavy material and human losses (5). However, despite these great material and human losses, the Arab national call and raising the slogans of liberating Jerusalem helped make Baghdad a center of power and leadership in the Middle East, both politically and popularly.
In addition to ideology, Saddam possessed a cohesive state, a strong army, and oil wealth that generated financial surpluses for him. Despite this, (6) Iraq emerged from the Iranian war politically and economically exhausted, and with the smear of "crazy power" that afflicted Saddam, he decided to escape from his problems towards The war again, so he invaded Kuwait in 1990, under the pretext of its refusal to cancel the debts he borrowed from it during his war against Iran, and [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] from reducing oil production in order to raise prices, a step Baghdad wanted to save its already ailing economy.
In the end, Saddam lost the war, and he did nothing but increase his country's crisis situation, and with his loss Saddam lost the two most important elements for promoting the national project, the prestige of his army, and oil revenues. Iraq's crises deepened later due to the US blockade and sanctions, and over the course of the following decade, the political stones collapsed successively, leading to a pivotal moment in the history of Iraq and the entire region, which is the US invasion that overthrew the Iraqi Baath regime in 2003.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]The trade balance between Iraq and Iran tends in terms of numbers in favor of Iran, whose exports to Mesopotamia exceeded about ten billion dollars, compared to 200 million dollars, which is the volume of Iraqi exports to Tehran. (Anatolia)
The death of the Baath Party was announced, and the interests of Washington and Tehran agreed once again on the rise of a completely different new political class, the majority of which belonged to the marginalized Shiite sect at the time of Saddam, but signs of disagreement soon emerged between these new forces, which were divided (8) in loyalty between Washington and Tehran. Leaked Iranian documents published (9) by the American "The Intercept" website stated that Tehran took advantage of the American invasion of Iraq to impose its control on Baghdad by preparing the Iraqi Shiite opposition first for rule, with the formation of new elite factions loyal to it, and supporting it with money and weapons, and those groups associated with it became Ideologically, the Islamic Republic system has gained favor and influence, especially after these factions appeared in the guise of defending Iraq against the attacks of the Islamic State.
Pro-Iranian Shiite parties took control of major positions in the government, the army, and even intelligence. A Shiite military group emerged, most notably the “Popular Mobilization Forces” (10), which then became a force recognized by the Iraqi parliament. In the meantime, the role of the economy was also not lost in the game of Iranian influence, after (11) Iranian goods dumped Iraq, at a time when Washington was imposing a harsh package of sanctions against Tehran.
The numbers tell us clearly about the extent of Iranian influence in Iraq. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] is tilted[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Between the two countries, in terms of numbers, in favor of Iran, whose exports to Mesopotamia exceeded about ten billion dollars in the last year (12), compared to 200 million dollars, which is the volume of Iraqi exports to Tehran, which makes it the third largest trading partner for Tehran after Abu Dhabi and Ankara, despite Iran’s collision with the influence of international powers. Inside Iraq, headed by the United States and Turkey, this does not negate the fact that the Islamic Republic has an army inside the country made up of armed Shiite factions that monopolize (13) large sectors of the Iraqi economy, and they are also responsible for security in some areas after the defeat of the Islamic State, as well as Parliamentary blocs loyal to it succeeded in issuing (14) legislation calling for the removal of US forces, but these attempts failed, after Al-Sudani and his government adhered to the presence of US forces in his country, which proves that Iranian desires are no longer the only ones that can be achieved in Iraq today.
Several indications indicate the direction of the new Iraqi government to draw its directions away from Iranian influence. This trend began during the era of former Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kazemi, who (15) always defended his belief that Iraq has, like others, the possibility of bringing together Arab interests (specifically Saudi Arabia) and Iran, without having to lose one of the two allies, and Al-Kazemi himself previously announced that His approach was blessed by the Shiite authority, represented by Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.
The new orientation of Iraq goes beyond rhetorical pledges, and its indicators appear clear on the ground. For example, 16 of the seven largest Egyptian contracting companies obtained preliminary approval to work in the reconstruction of Iraq, which constituted a resounding surprise on the political and economic levels for Tehran, which expected It grabbed that file by virtue of its monopoly on the construction market, and similar to Al-Kazemi, Al-Sudani is following the same line, but apparently with greater daring, seeking to establish stronger ties with the Gulf states, and to draw his country from the arena of Iranian influence towards its Arab depth again.
Baghdad is trying to reposition itself in the square of neutrality and search for its interests first within a Middle East that seeks to draw a new political map based on the principle of zeroing out regional problems as a new approach initiated by some countries such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey. On the other hand, Tehran is facing internal crises, most notably the economic stumbling block and the confrontation with Western sanctions, which pushes it to try to reach a deal with the United States to recover its frozen funds, and to trade freely with its neighbors, led by Mesopotamia itself.
All these transformations prompted Baghdad to change its seat from full bias towards one of the two parties to engage in mediation efforts that eventually led to the recent Saudi-Iranian agreement regarding the restoration of relations and the reopening of embassies, and its new appearance gives it a political presence and a great momentum that it has always lost, and it is a bold step that it is trying to Through it, Iraq will emerge from the decades of political and economic problems that have cost it its important position in the Arab milieu.
————————————————————————————————
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
Baghdad Second Conference for Cooperation and Partnership. (Shutterstock)
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Mohammad Al Arabi
8/13/2023|Last updated: 8/13/2023
In October 2022, [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] was assigned to head the Iraqi government after a political crisis that is the longest in the country since the American invasion. Al-Sudani ascended to his new position at the height of the political stalemate, and during a dire economic situation in the country. However, he managed to gain a foothold within the circles of power in a country looking for internal stability, taking advantage of the calm that the external arena knows, which witnessed a remarkable breakthrough in relations. Saudi-Iranian after years of estrangement, and paradoxically, Iraq itself played an important role in the political efforts that paved the way for the signing of the "Beijing Agreement" (1), which restored relations between Riyadh and Tehran with Chinese mediation.
Baghdad seemed to have enough motives to engage in active efforts to bring the two regional rivals closer together. After nearly two decades during which Tehran held the reins in Iraqi politics in the wake of the US invasion, Iraq was seeking a new kind of equilibrium to restore its position as an Arab power. By establishing positive relations with Arab countries, particularly the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, the former Iraqi prime minister, played the role of the godfather of that strategy, because he was convinced that Iraq (2) had the ability to combine Saudi and Iranian interests together, without having to lose one of the two allies, or fall into a difficult balancing act.
Despite this declared desire to stand at the same distance from everyone, several indications issued by the Iraqi government indicate that it wants to draw its directions away from the Iranian squadron. Instead of the term "Persian Gulf" adopted by Iran, during Iraq's hosting of the Arab Gulf Championship at the beginning of this year, a recall was repeated again in May against the background of Iranian allegations that Iraq hosted "separatist groups" during an official ceremony in Iraqi Kurdistan, which is a term Tehran uses it to describe Iranian Kurdish groups.
From incubator Saddam to the hegemony of Iran
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]Saddam Hussein with his army during the war with Iran. (communication Web-sites)Baghdad played a prominent role in most of the major issues and turmoil that ravaged the region during the 1990s and earlier. Beginning with being a founding member of the League of Arab States in the 1940s, then adopting the socialist ideology of the Syrian Baath Party, before the Baathist leadership shifted to Iraq, which fell under the rule of the Baathists from the sixties until the American invasion. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] was "One Arab nation with an eternal message." expansionism" of Iraq is in tensions with its Arab neighbors, especially in the Arab Gulf states.
However, in the same year that Saddam Hussein came to power, the Iranian Islamic Revolution broke out in 1979, causing great anxiety in Arab circles that exceeded that which was left behind by Iraq's socialist and nationalist approach. Saddam sought to exploit these developments to create an image of "Arab alignment", as he signed the Arab Defense Pact in February 1980, for reasons that were initially undeclared, but then became clear, represented in granting legitimacy to his upcoming war against Iran, which he wanted (3) To fight it in the name of the Arabs and not in the name of Iraq alone, especially since Tehran had already begun to mobilize the Shiite communities (4), and penetrate the previously impregnable political and ideological spaces in a number of Arab countries, led by Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.
Saddam Hussein entered the war in the name of the Arabs, and Khomeini's new Iran drank the cup of poison for eight years, and Iraq drank from the same cup, as the war caused heavy material and human losses (5). However, despite these great material and human losses, the Arab national call and raising the slogans of liberating Jerusalem helped make Baghdad a center of power and leadership in the Middle East, both politically and popularly.
In addition to ideology, Saddam possessed a cohesive state, a strong army, and oil wealth that generated financial surpluses for him. Despite this, (6) Iraq emerged from the Iranian war politically and economically exhausted, and with the smear of "crazy power" that afflicted Saddam, he decided to escape from his problems towards The war again, so he invaded Kuwait in 1990, under the pretext of its refusal to cancel the debts he borrowed from it during his war against Iran, and [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] from reducing oil production in order to raise prices, a step Baghdad wanted to save its already ailing economy.
In the end, Saddam lost the war, and he did nothing but increase his country's crisis situation, and with his loss Saddam lost the two most important elements for promoting the national project, the prestige of his army, and oil revenues. Iraq's crises deepened later due to the US blockade and sanctions, and over the course of the following decade, the political stones collapsed successively, leading to a pivotal moment in the history of Iraq and the entire region, which is the US invasion that overthrew the Iraqi Baath regime in 2003.
Rooted Iranian influence
Overthrowing Saddam was a goal that Washington had long dreamed of, but the paradox is that the most prominent beneficiaries of it were Tehran, although the United States and Iran had an ideological dispute dating back to nearly three decades before the American invasion since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. However, that dispute was set aside in those days. The moment was in favor of a tacit agreement between the two countries on mutual interests, as the Americans wanted to protect their security interests, and the Iranians wanted to have a major share of influence inside Iraq, which was their number one enemy during Saddam's era. According to Zalmay Khalilzad, the US ambassador to Iraq, in his book about that period, senior US officials held secret talks (7) with Iran about the future of Iraq before the invasion, and obtained promises from their enemies that the Iranian army would not shoot at planes. The US warplane that strayed into Iranian airspace by mistake.[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]The trade balance between Iraq and Iran tends in terms of numbers in favor of Iran, whose exports to Mesopotamia exceeded about ten billion dollars, compared to 200 million dollars, which is the volume of Iraqi exports to Tehran. (Anatolia)
The death of the Baath Party was announced, and the interests of Washington and Tehran agreed once again on the rise of a completely different new political class, the majority of which belonged to the marginalized Shiite sect at the time of Saddam, but signs of disagreement soon emerged between these new forces, which were divided (8) in loyalty between Washington and Tehran. Leaked Iranian documents published (9) by the American "The Intercept" website stated that Tehran took advantage of the American invasion of Iraq to impose its control on Baghdad by preparing the Iraqi Shiite opposition first for rule, with the formation of new elite factions loyal to it, and supporting it with money and weapons, and those groups associated with it became Ideologically, the Islamic Republic system has gained favor and influence, especially after these factions appeared in the guise of defending Iraq against the attacks of the Islamic State.
Pro-Iranian Shiite parties took control of major positions in the government, the army, and even intelligence. A Shiite military group emerged, most notably the “Popular Mobilization Forces” (10), which then became a force recognized by the Iraqi parliament. In the meantime, the role of the economy was also not lost in the game of Iranian influence, after (11) Iranian goods dumped Iraq, at a time when Washington was imposing a harsh package of sanctions against Tehran.
AD
The numbers tell us clearly about the extent of Iranian influence in Iraq. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] is tilted[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]Between the two countries, in terms of numbers, in favor of Iran, whose exports to Mesopotamia exceeded about ten billion dollars in the last year (12), compared to 200 million dollars, which is the volume of Iraqi exports to Tehran, which makes it the third largest trading partner for Tehran after Abu Dhabi and Ankara, despite Iran’s collision with the influence of international powers. Inside Iraq, headed by the United States and Turkey, this does not negate the fact that the Islamic Republic has an army inside the country made up of armed Shiite factions that monopolize (13) large sectors of the Iraqi economy, and they are also responsible for security in some areas after the defeat of the Islamic State, as well as Parliamentary blocs loyal to it succeeded in issuing (14) legislation calling for the removal of US forces, but these attempts failed, after Al-Sudani and his government adhered to the presence of US forces in his country, which proves that Iranian desires are no longer the only ones that can be achieved in Iraq today.
New Arab kiss
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]Iraqi Prime Minister Muhammad Shia al-Sudani. (Anatolia)Several indications indicate the direction of the new Iraqi government to draw its directions away from Iranian influence. This trend began during the era of former Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kazemi, who (15) always defended his belief that Iraq has, like others, the possibility of bringing together Arab interests (specifically Saudi Arabia) and Iran, without having to lose one of the two allies, and Al-Kazemi himself previously announced that His approach was blessed by the Shiite authority, represented by Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.
The new orientation of Iraq goes beyond rhetorical pledges, and its indicators appear clear on the ground. For example, 16 of the seven largest Egyptian contracting companies obtained preliminary approval to work in the reconstruction of Iraq, which constituted a resounding surprise on the political and economic levels for Tehran, which expected It grabbed that file by virtue of its monopoly on the construction market, and similar to Al-Kazemi, Al-Sudani is following the same line, but apparently with greater daring, seeking to establish stronger ties with the Gulf states, and to draw his country from the arena of Iranian influence towards its Arab depth again.
Baghdad is trying to reposition itself in the square of neutrality and search for its interests first within a Middle East that seeks to draw a new political map based on the principle of zeroing out regional problems as a new approach initiated by some countries such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey. On the other hand, Tehran is facing internal crises, most notably the economic stumbling block and the confrontation with Western sanctions, which pushes it to try to reach a deal with the United States to recover its frozen funds, and to trade freely with its neighbors, led by Mesopotamia itself.
All these transformations prompted Baghdad to change its seat from full bias towards one of the two parties to engage in mediation efforts that eventually led to the recent Saudi-Iranian agreement regarding the restoration of relations and the reopening of embassies, and its new appearance gives it a political presence and a great momentum that it has always lost, and it is a bold step that it is trying to Through it, Iraq will emerge from the decades of political and economic problems that have cost it its important position in the Arab milieu.
————————————————————————————————
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