[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
How to serve social media .. authoritarian governments?
Translation: Ahmed al-Zubaidi
How to serve social media .. authoritarian governments?
Translation: Ahmed al-Zubaidi
Many people believe that the spread of social media has been a boon social and political mass movements, it is not difficult to understand why, the spread of social media like Facebook coincided, and Twitter, and other digital technologies in the middle of the first decade of this century (2005 ) with a massive increase in the size of the popular uprisings in the same period. Whether it 's in organizing protests in Egypt and Iran, Aomlahakh the movements of Russian forces in Ukraine, or the provision of appropriate information to the demonstrators in Sudan, it is assumed that social media made it necessary aid activists
This assumption is reasonable - there are already many ways in which these new technologies help activists are denominated. Perhaps it 's the most obvious, is the possibility that contribute to social media to reduce the cost of communicating with large numbers of protesters, as Twitter did during the protests in Ukraine in 2014, as well as the other platforms, such as YouTube, can help in the dissemination of lessons in how do protests effectively, which helps to protest the organizational capacity building movements. When banning human populations, can sites like Facebook to create new platforms for communication and exchange of information, be difficult to shut off.
Optimists also argue that the Internet creates a space for dialogue in the midst of conflict, and provides policy options for the general public and the elites in spite of government censorship. Of course, the Internet allows for activists to express their views, which is important especially when the mainstream media are controlled by the government.
But in spite of this optimism, what it is sometimes called "liberation technology known as " did not make the pro-democracy movements in fact, more effective. True , we have seen an increase in the popular movements since the spread of digital communications more than ever before. But we should note that nonviolent resistance methods have been found long before the invention of the Internet. Gandhi has been used by the leader on a large scale in the thirties and forties of the last century , in fact, it has become a non - violent resistance , in fact less successful comparison, years before the invention of the Internet. While succeeded nearly 70 percent of the civil resistance campaigns during the nineties of the twentieth century, the only 30 percent of them have succeeded since 2010.fma the reason behind it?
There are a few possible causes. First , as some researchers suggesting Alsaasph in the field of science that governments are simply the means of social communication to better use of the activists. Despite previous promises not to disclose the identity of Internet users, the government control of the Internet has made privacy a thing of the past. Russian government, for example, successfully infiltrated into contacts between activists in an attempt to pre - empt their movements and crush even the smallest scale protests. Such practices are common in democratic countries dramatically. In the United States, the National Security Agency 's program of eavesdropping without warrants, and the cooperation of Yahoo with the US government in compiling information for its users, and that it was probably just the beginning. Recent reports indicate that local police departments in the United States that monitor social media to gather data on the population. While the governments in the past deliberately to devote significant resources to detect dissidents and opponents, the digital climate prevailing today encourages people to declare with pride about their political beliefs, social and religious identities - and this data enables the government authorities of being targeted more effectively. Of course, there are ways to protect the privacy of users, but few of these techniques will stand up in front versed discount.
Second, the use of the popular movements of the means of social communication reduces the opportunities for direct communication. Activists on Facebook and other sites are interested in a particular issue for a short period of time, but they often fail to rally the broad participation in the struggle against governments. Building confidence in the marginalized communities of the oppressed Aubin takes time and effort, and requires an active social activity, this face - to - face communication requires routinely over a long period of time. When you fill out these movements without people to get this confidence and internal unity, they may be more likely to be stopped because of the pressure. As well as the success in bringing about real change requires more dedication and sacrifice.
Third , can the means of social communication have an effect hinders the work of activists by enabling the armed actors or government by threatening or even orchestrating direct violence against them. For example, in the midst of the Libyan uprising in 2011, use the regime of Moamer Kadhafi cell phone network in the country, to send text messages ordered people to go to work. The warning chilling!
The stresses that the government watched - and that failure to comply with its orders will have serious consequences. Researchers in political science. He said that the increase in the number of mobile phones in Africa has been linked with an increase in violence.
On the contrary, if the activists are using social media to talk about the violence they suffered at the hands of security forces, it may be a reason for the reluctance of the protesters participating in the demonstrations the next day. Can and therefore such reports lead to unintended consequences. Instead of assembling the angry crowds, it may lead to a lack of involvement of many people who do not want to risk, and leave the actors activists face risks alone.
This leads in the end to the last obstacle: the misinformation that can spread in social media faster than the spread of information Moabedh.o reports by computer hackers from Russia to influence the recent American elections are a good example of this. And aggravated deception because of the tendency of people to choose news sources that confirm previous beliefs. The increase in the social media sites that bring about further division among the people rather than unite them behind a common cause.
Even those who are bona fide spend its information from reliable sources of news can be to cause unintentionally in a number of problems. It can be to see the tyrant fall through the means of social communication to encourage opponents in a neighboring country to do the movements of protest. And in fact, may try to prematurely "using" tactics and methods they see it used successfully in other places but it does not fit their situation - resulting in serious consequences . And a quick look at what happened in Libya or Syria allow us to know the seriousness of this effect. It was easy for activists in those countries watch the events of the Arab Spring that was unfolding in Tunisia and Egypt to conclude then that if the masses of people gathered in public squares, they also could topple Btgah their home countries within days. This conclusion neglected mobilization that preceded the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions for many years and have made the Libyans and Syrians in an exaggerated trust in the ability of Antfadathm spontaneity that succeed without the use of violence.
for Foreign Policy magazine
This assumption is reasonable - there are already many ways in which these new technologies help activists are denominated. Perhaps it 's the most obvious, is the possibility that contribute to social media to reduce the cost of communicating with large numbers of protesters, as Twitter did during the protests in Ukraine in 2014, as well as the other platforms, such as YouTube, can help in the dissemination of lessons in how do protests effectively, which helps to protest the organizational capacity building movements. When banning human populations, can sites like Facebook to create new platforms for communication and exchange of information, be difficult to shut off.
Optimists also argue that the Internet creates a space for dialogue in the midst of conflict, and provides policy options for the general public and the elites in spite of government censorship. Of course, the Internet allows for activists to express their views, which is important especially when the mainstream media are controlled by the government.
But in spite of this optimism, what it is sometimes called "liberation technology known as " did not make the pro-democracy movements in fact, more effective. True , we have seen an increase in the popular movements since the spread of digital communications more than ever before. But we should note that nonviolent resistance methods have been found long before the invention of the Internet. Gandhi has been used by the leader on a large scale in the thirties and forties of the last century , in fact, it has become a non - violent resistance , in fact less successful comparison, years before the invention of the Internet. While succeeded nearly 70 percent of the civil resistance campaigns during the nineties of the twentieth century, the only 30 percent of them have succeeded since 2010.fma the reason behind it?
There are a few possible causes. First , as some researchers suggesting Alsaasph in the field of science that governments are simply the means of social communication to better use of the activists. Despite previous promises not to disclose the identity of Internet users, the government control of the Internet has made privacy a thing of the past. Russian government, for example, successfully infiltrated into contacts between activists in an attempt to pre - empt their movements and crush even the smallest scale protests. Such practices are common in democratic countries dramatically. In the United States, the National Security Agency 's program of eavesdropping without warrants, and the cooperation of Yahoo with the US government in compiling information for its users, and that it was probably just the beginning. Recent reports indicate that local police departments in the United States that monitor social media to gather data on the population. While the governments in the past deliberately to devote significant resources to detect dissidents and opponents, the digital climate prevailing today encourages people to declare with pride about their political beliefs, social and religious identities - and this data enables the government authorities of being targeted more effectively. Of course, there are ways to protect the privacy of users, but few of these techniques will stand up in front versed discount.
Second, the use of the popular movements of the means of social communication reduces the opportunities for direct communication. Activists on Facebook and other sites are interested in a particular issue for a short period of time, but they often fail to rally the broad participation in the struggle against governments. Building confidence in the marginalized communities of the oppressed Aubin takes time and effort, and requires an active social activity, this face - to - face communication requires routinely over a long period of time. When you fill out these movements without people to get this confidence and internal unity, they may be more likely to be stopped because of the pressure. As well as the success in bringing about real change requires more dedication and sacrifice.
Third , can the means of social communication have an effect hinders the work of activists by enabling the armed actors or government by threatening or even orchestrating direct violence against them. For example, in the midst of the Libyan uprising in 2011, use the regime of Moamer Kadhafi cell phone network in the country, to send text messages ordered people to go to work. The warning chilling!
The stresses that the government watched - and that failure to comply with its orders will have serious consequences. Researchers in political science. He said that the increase in the number of mobile phones in Africa has been linked with an increase in violence.
On the contrary, if the activists are using social media to talk about the violence they suffered at the hands of security forces, it may be a reason for the reluctance of the protesters participating in the demonstrations the next day. Can and therefore such reports lead to unintended consequences. Instead of assembling the angry crowds, it may lead to a lack of involvement of many people who do not want to risk, and leave the actors activists face risks alone.
This leads in the end to the last obstacle: the misinformation that can spread in social media faster than the spread of information Moabedh.o reports by computer hackers from Russia to influence the recent American elections are a good example of this. And aggravated deception because of the tendency of people to choose news sources that confirm previous beliefs. The increase in the social media sites that bring about further division among the people rather than unite them behind a common cause.
Even those who are bona fide spend its information from reliable sources of news can be to cause unintentionally in a number of problems. It can be to see the tyrant fall through the means of social communication to encourage opponents in a neighboring country to do the movements of protest. And in fact, may try to prematurely "using" tactics and methods they see it used successfully in other places but it does not fit their situation - resulting in serious consequences . And a quick look at what happened in Libya or Syria allow us to know the seriousness of this effect. It was easy for activists in those countries watch the events of the Arab Spring that was unfolding in Tunisia and Egypt to conclude then that if the masses of people gathered in public squares, they also could topple Btgah their home countries within days. This conclusion neglected mobilization that preceded the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions for many years and have made the Libyans and Syrians in an exaggerated trust in the ability of Antfadathm spontaneity that succeed without the use of violence.
for Foreign Policy magazine
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
Today at 5:24 am by Rocky
» utube MM&C 3/26/24 Iraqi Dinar - IQD Update - Strength Dinar - Automation ASYCUDA - World Bank - D
Today at 5:21 am by Rocky
» Amending the Health Professions Law “robs” scientists of the central appointment 3 years after it wa
Today at 5:20 am by Rocky
» Is the “blessings package” that Erbil paid to the citizens of Kurdistan related to the elections?
Today at 5:19 am by Rocky
» Exceeded 5,000 projects.. Allocating 10 trillion dinars to support governorate reconstruction plans
Today at 5:18 am by Rocky
» “His need no longer exists.” Parliamentary Finance confirms the necessity of returning the retiremen
Today at 5:17 am by Rocky
» To communicate with the bases... 12 directives from Al-Sadr, including blocking numbers for non-gove
Today at 5:15 am by Rocky
» In an interview with "Baghdad Today"... an Iranian researcher reveals the importance of Haniyeh's vi
Today at 5:14 am by Rocky
» After it was 63 trillion in 2023... the 2024 budget deficit will rise to 80 trillion dinars
Today at 5:13 am by Rocky
» Parliament reveals the date of the first evaluation of the governors and determines the party respon
Today at 5:11 am by Rocky
» The President of the Republic informs Al-Araji and Al-Basri: Momentum must be mobilized to eliminate
Today at 5:10 am by Rocky
» Can the Federal Court sue others? A legal clarification of its response mechanism to abuse
Today at 5:09 am by Rocky
» Despite promises to soon stop burning gas.. What is the secret behind Iraq renewing the Iranian gas
Today at 5:07 am by Rocky
» Advisor to Al-Sudani: The dollar is on the way to further decline, and 70% of Iraqi traders have ent
Today at 5:06 am by Rocky
» Iraq exported more than 99 million barrels of oil last February
Today at 5:04 am by Rocky
» Barzani “gives good news” to Kurdistan employees: salaries, land, and loan exemptions
Today at 5:03 am by Rocky
» Alia Nassif: Nour Zuhair returned to the port of Umm Qasr to make deals.. An influential Shiite forc
Today at 5:02 am by Rocky
» The Prime Minister announces the movement of nearly 500 stalled projects
Today at 5:00 am by Rocky
» A government strategy to enhance investments.. Iraq is on the verge of a new era of economic develop
Today at 4:59 am by Rocky
» Ranging between 20% and 50%.. The Kurdistan government decides to reduce service fees, customs dutie
Today at 4:58 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani: The reform approach in the security services is an integral part of reform in other secto
Today at 4:56 am by Rocky
» Everyone in Iraq wants the Sudanese visit to Washington to be successful, even the factions!
Today at 4:55 am by Rocky
» Sources and experts expect the agenda.. in his bag is the Baghdad dollar and the factions’ truce, bu
Today at 4:54 am by Rocky
» The decision to raise gasoline prices arouses the ire of drivers...a reminder of the large demonstra
Today at 4:53 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary services: 3 important hospitals in Baghdad will enter service at the end of the year
Today at 4:52 am by Rocky
» Iraq signs a contract to supply Iranian gas for a period of five years
Today at 4:50 am by Rocky
» Parliament adds a voting paragraph on amending the Penal Code to its agenda
Today at 4:49 am by Rocky
» His political advisor: We are not afraid of Sudanese entering the elections alone
Today at 4:48 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary services explain the reasons for the rise in real estate prices in Baghdad
Today at 4:46 am by Rocky
» Attia, criticizing the government's decisions: "The citizen's feathers will be ruffled without servi
Today at 4:45 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Communications: Zain Iraq and Asiacell did not pay their debts
Today at 4:44 am by Rocky
» The Governor of Karbala announces the imminent establishment of the largest industrial city in the c
Today at 4:43 am by Rocky
» A government determination to end the issue of displaced persons in the middle of this year
Today at 4:42 am by Rocky
» Iraq buys gas from Kurdistan to generate electricity
Today at 4:41 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary signatures to include an amendment to the internal regulations to decide the choice of
Today at 4:40 am by Rocky
» In Basra.. a demonstration against foreign workers in Iraqi companies (video)
Today at 4:38 am by Rocky
» Al-Samarrai: Presidency of Parliament is an entitlement to the constituents, and calling it a “frame
Today at 4:36 am by Rocky
» Electronic food supplies in 6 governorates... covering 11 million Iraqis and “writing off” about 700
Today at 4:34 am by Rocky
» Corruption of the Ministry of Transport.. Representatives express their surprise at the minister’s s
Today at 4:32 am by Rocky
» The biggest supporter of the invasion of Iraq.. The death of former US Senator Joe Lieberman
Today at 4:31 am by Rocky
» Iraq is ranked “late.” A list of the most and least safe Arab countries for women
Today at 4:30 am by Rocky
» The Council of Ministers exempts the Gulf Interconnection Authority from guarantee fees: it is a gov
Yesterday at 7:48 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi government raises the size of the 2024 budget, and Parliament is “surprised”
Yesterday at 7:46 am by Rocky
» Popular Movement: We have many economic options away from American hegemony
Yesterday at 7:42 am by Rocky
» The Oil Parliament stresses the need to transfer part of the revenues to the producing governorates
Yesterday at 7:41 am by Rocky
» It will cover 14 regions in eastern Iraq.. A deputy reveals the “border electricity” project
Yesterday at 7:40 am by Rocky
» Experts Warn Mass Migration Threatens US Food Security
Yesterday at 7:37 am by Bama Diva
» Al-Fateh: America occupies Iraq through agreements
Yesterday at 7:37 am by Rocky
» Anger in Iraq over a "sudden decision"... and a reminder of a "general strike" that paralyzed the co
Yesterday at 7:34 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Committee: Parliament is discussing today a decision that “disturbed” the Iraqis
Yesterday at 7:33 am by Rocky
» Ministry of Electricity: Our production will reach 27 thousand megawatts by May
Yesterday at 7:31 am by Rocky
» Diagnosing the “most important” problems in the oil file between Baghdad and Erbil.. What is the rel
Yesterday at 7:30 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi Fiqh Academy and the Sunni Endowment issue a fatwa to pay Zakat al-Fitr
Yesterday at 7:28 am by Rocky
» The National Bank of Iraq continues its digital transformation by launching its new banking system a
Yesterday at 7:26 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Investment and the Central Bank are discussing the housing initiative
Yesterday at 7:25 am by Rocky
» The Prime Minister announces the restart of 500 suspended projects
Yesterday at 7:23 am by Rocky
» Al-Barti assesses the region's employees: Your salaries are insured and will be paid after resettlem
Yesterday at 7:21 am by Rocky
» Iraqi-American discussions in anticipation of the Sudanese visit
Yesterday at 7:20 am by Rocky
» Iraq and Turkey hold meetings in Ankara to discuss technical issues related to the development road
Yesterday at 7:17 am by Rocky
» A government parliamentary agreement to support budget revenues and governorate allocations for inve
Yesterday at 7:16 am by Rocky
» Oil: The gas sector is witnessing great development
Yesterday at 7:15 am by Rocky
» A Kurdish-French agreement to develop trade and economic relations
Yesterday at 7:13 am by Rocky
» Exchange companies in Mosul demand that they be entered into the currency selling window
Yesterday at 7:12 am by Rocky
» Minister of Finance to the Czech Ambassador: Iraq enjoys a more attractive business environment and
Yesterday at 7:10 am by Rocky
» Iraq and Britain sign an agreement in the field of the stock market
Yesterday at 7:08 am by Rocky
» A new parliamentary meeting with the Minister of Finance to discuss these files
Yesterday at 7:07 am by Rocky
» A parliamentary committee discusses these files with the Director of the Projects Department in the
Yesterday at 7:06 am by Rocky
» Central Bank sales exceed $257 million today
Yesterday at 7:05 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Finance and the Minister of Planning discuss governorate allocations and investment bu
Yesterday at 7:04 am by Rocky
» Planning: We are discussing with representatives of the World Bank the work plan of the Social Fund
Yesterday at 7:02 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary meeting with the Governor of the Central Bank and the Director of the Real Estate Bank
Yesterday at 7:01 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Finance: The 2024 budget reached 228 trillion dinars
Yesterday at 6:57 am by Rocky
» Barzani "gives good news" to Kurdistan's employees: salaries, land, and loan exemptions
Yesterday at 6:57 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Economy: The decision to raise fuel prices targets this class
Yesterday at 6:54 am by Rocky
» The President of the Republic: Iraq is an important investment environment
Yesterday at 6:53 am by Rocky
» From the accounts of Saddam's Republican Guard... Iraq returns approximately 7 billion dinars to the
Yesterday at 6:52 am by Rocky
» Al-Abadi: Muqtada al-Sadr did not leave politics.. He reached a dead end
Yesterday at 6:49 am by Rocky
» Nassif: The leaders of the framework abandoned Al-Sudani because of his recent successes
Yesterday at 6:48 am by Rocky
» Baghdad stresses the continued danger of ISIS and the importance of Washington's efforts to combat i
Yesterday at 6:47 am by Rocky
» Parliamentary Oil: It is necessary to transfer part of the revenues to the oil-producing governorate
Yesterday at 6:45 am by Rocky
» The Sudanese government zeroes in on the legacy of its predecessors
Yesterday at 5:28 am by Rocky
» The Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation Law is ready for its second reading
Yesterday at 5:26 am by Rocky
» 1,500 active civil organizations in Iraq
Yesterday at 5:25 am by Rocky
» The position of Speaker of Parliament awaits decision
Yesterday at 5:23 am by Rocky
» Water for peace...the water crisis in Iraq
Yesterday at 5:21 am by Rocky
» Fiscal and monetary policies succeed in undermining the parallel dollar
Yesterday at 5:20 am by Rocky
» Kurdistan.. Attempts to circumvent the "Federal" decision and an invitation to the Baghdad governmen
Yesterday at 5:17 am by Rocky
» “Iraq warned the US Treasury to leave the dollar.” Parliamentary Finance: The exchange rate will con
Yesterday at 5:16 am by Rocky
» The Iraqi government issues new decisions
Yesterday at 5:14 am by Rocky
» Barzani: We will not give up our constitutional rights, and tomorrow we will take a decision that is
Yesterday at 5:12 am by Rocky
» A researcher in political and security affairs describes the decision to increase the price of gasol
Yesterday at 5:11 am by Rocky
» The Council of Ministers addresses the Finance Ministry to appoint the families of those who died du
Yesterday at 5:09 am by Rocky
» 100 thousand dinars as a “Eid gift” for retirees.. A parliamentary request before the Sudanese (docu
Yesterday at 5:08 am by Rocky
» Al-Sudani confirms that more than 490 projects have been moved and returned to work in record time
Yesterday at 5:07 am by Rocky
» Parliament reveals three facts about the decision to raise the price of fuel: It targeted “luxury” w
Yesterday at 5:05 am by Rocky
» In detail...the problems of the oil file between Baghdad and Erbil
Yesterday at 5:04 am by Rocky
» International skepticism about Iraqi agriculture... Modern irrigation succeeds, but it will not be e
Yesterday at 5:02 am by Rocky
» For those who love traveling by the Iraqi train... buy the ticket with your mobile phone and 50 new
Yesterday at 5:00 am by Rocky
» Regional and international challenges hinder the path of the Iraqi economy towards stability
Yesterday at 4:59 am by Rocky