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New experiments in amber cultivation.. sprinkler irrigation and modern varieties
Economic 2024/08/07
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Baghdad: Morning
The Ministry of Agriculture is conducting experiments to save rice cultivation, especially the Anbar variety, which is present on every table in the country.
This comes after years during which the country witnessed the gradual erosion of its land. Farmer Muntadhar Al-Jawfi is facing drought and water scarcity in Iraq by growing rice using modern irrigation methods and heat-resistant seeds.
In light of the drought that has exhausted Iraq for four years, these people are working and developing new seeds, including a genetic composition of Anbar, and planting them using sprinklers instead of the traditional flooding method that requires the rice to remain submerged in water for five months, which is no longer easily available due to the drought.
Al-Jawfi (40 years old) says: “This is the first time we have started farming using modern methods through (irrigation) with sprinklers.”
The man who has been working in agriculture for 15 years adds that “the difference is very big” compared to flooding.
Rice cultivation, including the Anbar variety, requires between 10 and 12 billion cubic meters of water during a single season, but experts say that sprinklers consume only 30 percent of the amount of water.
Last year, Al-Jawfi was unable to cultivate his land completely due to water scarcity, but today he moves between sprinklers to make sure they are working properly, regardless of the scorching sun and temperatures that reach 50 degrees Celsius.
Al-Jawfi says that farmers used to spend their time ensuring that the water flowed in the right way, but now “one person operates the sprinklers to water the land properly... and there is no place that does not receive water that reaches all directions equally.”
Iraq, which is recovering from decades of conflict and chaos, is one of the five countries most affected by climate change, according to the United Nations.
Drought has caused a huge reduction in rice production in Iraq. After rice areas exceeded 300,000 dunams, with an average production of 300,000 tons, only 5,000 dunams were planted in 2023, according to experts at the Ministry of Agriculture.
Water scarcity
After rice farmers got tired of seeing their fields become like deserts, they had to find ways to adapt to the harsh conditions imposed on them.
“Due to drought and water scarcity, we had to use modern irrigation techniques and seeds with new genetic makeup,” says Abdul Kadhim Jawad Musa, an official in the Ministry of Agriculture’s rice seed multiplication program.
“The most important thing is to use modern techniques in rice cultivation to combat water scarcity,” he adds, noting that the team of experts is trying to find the best combination of irrigation methods and seeds.
The experts are experimenting with irrigation methods using different types of sprinklers, including small, fixed ones or those that move within the field, and drip irrigation. They are also working on five different types of seeds that consume less water.
Musa explains that he and his team want to “test the genetic makeup (to determine) which of these varieties can withstand sprinkler irrigation,” instead of flooding.
After achieving positive results last year with gharri seeds, one of the “genetic makeups” of amber, and jasmine rice, which originates from South Asia, through sprinkler irrigation, the experts presented them to farmers like Al-Jowfi to determine their success.
“At the end of the season, we will come up with recommendations on which sprays to use and which seed variety is suitable for them,” says Musa, hoping that this will help increase “the area of land planted with rice.”
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