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Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality

Welcome to the Neno's Place!

Neno's Place Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality


Neno

I can be reached by phone or text 8am-7pm cst 972-768-9772 or, once joining the board I can be reached by a (PM) Private Message.

Established in 2006 as a Community of Reality

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    Iraq.. Reconsidering the impact of global warming in Basra: the decline of agricultural land

    Rocky
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    Iraq.. Reconsidering the impact of global warming in Basra: the decline of agricultural land Empty Iraq.. Reconsidering the impact of global warming in Basra: the decline of agricultural land

    Post by Rocky Sun 25 Dec 2022, 5:21 am

    [rtl]Iraq.. Reconsidering the impact of global warming in Basra: the decline of agricultural land[/rtl]

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    2022-12-25T10:22:04.000000Z


    Shafaq News/ The British "Middle East Eye" website called for reconsidering the idea of ​​holding global warming responsible for the deteriorating conditions in Basra Governorate, especially the deterioration of productive agriculture, stressing that the collapse occurred since 2003 due to a combination of several political, economic and demographic factors, not because of drought It is also promoted in the media. 
    The British report, translated by Shafaq News Agency, explained; A series of reports issued by international organizations have shed light over the past years on the environmental crisis in Basra, where the prevailing general narrative is that the decline in agricultural production resulting from climate change caused mass migrations to urban areas, which led to an uncontrolled increase In outposts at random. 
    And the report continued; Access to water is portrayed as a primary generator of conflicts, often related to Basra clans. However, the report, although it acknowledged that the rates of drought have worsened, had a harmful effect on the economic movement in Iraq, where agricultural production was greatly affected due to water scarcity. However, the repercussions of global warming on human movements in Basra must be re-evaluated. 
    The report explained; It is the “intertwined political, economic and demographic factors to a large extent that have led to the gradual disappearance of agriculture since 2003,” adding that migration from the countryside to the cities, and the slum crisis in Basra, preceded the deterioration of climate change in recent years. 
    The report quoted Abbas (45 years), a resident of the city of Al-Hartha in Basra Governorate, as saying, “Why do we invest in the necessary maintenance work to open irrigation canals from the Shatt Al-Arab River? I will not receive even one dinar from a truck loaded with dates.” 
    "There is no agriculture in Basra anymore," Abbas said, sneering sarcastically. We all stopped shortly after 2003, and now we have government jobs and shops in the city,” noting that “as far as he is concerned, he is in a better position to manage other types of work.”
    immigration
    The report that unlike other urban areas in Iraq, Basra no longer stated attracts migration from rural areas, adding that unskilled workers seeking to find temporary work in the province do not have a lasting impact on the urban structure of Basra, because these workers are not permanently resettled. in the city.
    The failure of water management and agriculture in Amarah and Kut in particular led to successful waves of migration of former farmers to Basra. According to the British and Iraqi Archives, in 1958, reed huts erected on state-owned land posed significant health and social challenges, while subsequent low-cost housing projects allowed for resettlement in apartment complexes, most famously at Hayaniya.
    Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, employment continued to attract unskilled workers, despite land reform schemes designed to reduce rural emigration. In the 1990s, the desiccation of Iraq's wetlands led to further major demographic disturbances.
    And because the Iraqi legislation, which was issued within the framework of the Agrarian Reform Law No. 117 of 1970, prohibiting the construction of residential buildings on agricultural lands, urban growth in Iraq remained limited until 2003.
    Newcomers from the countryside were forced to move in with relatives in cramped quarters. Many rural residents also sought refuge within the city of Basra due to long-standing tribal disputes in their areas of origin, according to field interviews conducted in the poor neighborhoods of Basra in December 2021 and March 2022.
    With the unrest sparked by the collapse of the Ba'athist regime in 2003, powerful armed groups systematically seized vacant lands. State-owned lands were divided into small plots and sold to poor residents who built houses on them, and established dwellings along riverbanks and roads.
    Outside the city of Basra, rapid urbanization has led to an almost complete cessation of most productive agricultural activities. On the Shatt al-Arab River, farmland adjacent to the city has rapidly turned into residential areas, in particular Abu al-Khasib and Tanumah, according to residents interviewed for this report.
    With the end of state-supported agriculture in 2003, small owners of gardens and orchards distributed their property. The land was sold to those who came from the dry marshes, or to Basrans who had been expelled from the city by the increasing urban density.
    Lack of government support
    Moreover, in Abu al-Khasib and al-Zubayr, south and west of Basra, armed groups seized real estate belonging to Kuwaitis or Saudis who fled Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War, sometimes selling it with forged title deeds. He wishes to remain anonymous, as do the former Sunni tenants of Abu al-Khasib and al-Zubayr.
    The former Sunni tenants have been evicted, and homes have been built on some of Iraq's most fertile farmlands.
    Productive agriculture declined gradually after 2003 due to lack of government support. Food imports from Iran have also led to lower prices. In Hartha, north of Basra, as elsewhere in the region, gardeners say farming is no longer a source of income. They participate in other economic activities, mostly in the private sector. Filtering water through blocked channels is sufficient for subsistence farming.
    The only remaining area of ​​somewhat competitive farming, according to local farmers and grocery store owners in Basra, is the Safwan-Zubayr area, southwest of Basra, where small garden cultivation is mostly aimed at the local market.
    Prices of agricultural inputs, such as imported pesticides and fertilizers, have increased since the devaluation of the Iraqi dinar in 2020. Farmers there say they have all turned to cheaper imports from China and India, whose lower quality negatively affects productivity. As a result, most of them reported being in debt.
    Because Iraqi agriculture is no longer competitive, farmers have gradually sought other sources of income. According to the agricultural specialists at Faris Nursery Company, a private company that sells agricultural inputs, out of 5,000 farms in the Safwan-Zubair area in 2003, fewer than 2,000 farms remain today.
    Farmers in Safwan al-Zubayr depend on artisanal wells, which means that production is not affected by drought or prolonged heat waves. In other areas, where much of the land has been converted into residential areas, salt water from the sea has only a limited effect on agriculture. Because of the increased salt concentration, the waters of the Shatt al-Arab River can no longer be used for irrigation. Owners of well-to-do orchards cultivated for recreational purposes install their own water treatment plants.
    Rarely are issues of the allocation of water resources or disputes over land boundaries a direct cause of conflict in Basra, because there is no more farming or land that can be cultivated.
    However, widespread unemployment resulting from the end of productive farming activities leads to social violence.
    Translation: Shafak News Agency



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