![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Revealing the details of the new amendment to the law on the basis of certificates | 0 | Rocky | 43 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:28 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Due to time constraints, Kurdistan's elections are about to be postponed | 0 | Rocky | 41 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:25 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Advisory Board proposes forming a joint international committee to follow up on the implementati | 0 | Rocky | 58 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:15 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | They stressed that Parliament faces a great responsibility in legislating important laws...Two repre | 0 | Rocky | 38 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:14 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Al-Muayad calls from Paris on Western institutions to support the Iraqi democratic experience | 0 | Rocky | 52 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:07 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | What is the “secret” of reducing the local government budget by 70% and which governorates are most | 0 | Rocky | 73 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 4:04 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | With documents...a parliamentary move to approve the unified retirement law | 0 | Rocky | 34 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 3:59 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | In the document: The Baghdad Council forms a committee to distribute plots of land to its members | 0 | Rocky | 38 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Fri 24 May 2024, 3:57 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Khamenei to Al-Sudani: An informant will continue to cooperate with the Iraqi government | 0 | Rocky | 37 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 6:47 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Barzani calls on Washington for help: The Kurdistan region is in danger | 0 | Rocky | 61 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 6:44 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Its government's crisis... Kirkuk does not move and waits for the Sudanese | 0 | Rocky | 53 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:26 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Shiites are moving to remove him.. The parliamentary presidency is held by Al-Halbousi’s bullyin | 0 | Rocky | 54 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:25 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | With the Sunni consensus... Al-Maliki's coalition comments on the crisis of the presidency of Parlia | 0 | Rocky | 36 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:24 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Observer: Parliament management needs broader powers | 0 | Rocky | 60 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:23 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | A politician calls for confronting Biden's decision on Iraq | 0 | Rocky | 46 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:22 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Intelligence and Air Defense laws are on the parliamentary security table | 0 | Rocky | 39 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:11 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Combating terrorism is a five-year strategy to confront challenges | 0 | Rocky | 33 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 5:05 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Regional elections: warnings that the democratic process is at risk and demands for Washington’s int | 0 | Rocky | 31 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:52 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Deleting the 3 most important days in the history of Iraq.. The “religious holidays” law is an ackno | 0 | Rocky | 49 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:44 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The blacklist for the “theft of the century” rises to nine names... secret investigations and waitin | 0 | Rocky | 24 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:43 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Council discusses the state’s efforts to combat cr | 0 | Rocky | 45 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:36 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Is Iraq conducting negotiations with Germany to return its refugees? | 0 | Rocky | 29 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:30 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The sources of power and authority in Iraq are a deep, not deep, country | 0 | Rocky | 34 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Thu 23 May 2024, 4:29 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Political bloc: Progress has lost all its cards in the House of Representatives | 0 | Rocky | 40 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 6:56 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The government takes a number of new decisions | 0 | Rocky | 59 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 6:46 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | It includes 6 paragraphs... The House of Representatives holds a new session | 0 | Rocky | 41 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 6:33 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The House of Representatives votes on the proposed Second Amendment Law to the Election Commission L | 0 | Rocky | 38 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 6:31 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | A representative from the front: Al-Halbousi directed the representatives to create chaos in Parliam | 0 | Rocky | 28 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:17 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Sunnis are calling on the Shiites for help to resolve their differences, and Big Brother is resp | 0 | Rocky | 39 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:12 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Parliamentary Legal: Political differences hinder the passage of important laws | 0 | Rocky | 47 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:09 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Deputy: Parliament continues to perform its oversight and legislative duties | 0 | Rocky | 43 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:07 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Khamenei to Al-Sudani: Mokhbar has a great responsibility and will continue to cooperate with the Ir | 0 | Rocky | 30 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:05 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | "Al-Eqtisad News" publishes the full decisions of the Council of Ministers session | 0 | Rocky | 64 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 5:04 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | In the document... Al-Mandalawi refers the draft Federal Budget Law 2024 to the Parliamentary Financ | 0 | Rocky | 54 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:55 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Parliamentary Finance Committee to / NINA /: Today the committee meetings will begin to discuss the | 0 | Rocky | 57 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:54 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The blacklist for the “theft of the century” increases to nine names... secret investigations and wa | 0 | Rocky | 43 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:46 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Details of the telephone call between the Sudanese and the Ukrainian President | 0 | Rocky | 55 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:43 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Council of Ministers approves the appointment of 17 general directors in various ministries and | 0 | Rocky | 39 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:42 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | After the events of the presidential election session... parliamentary calls to activate the Conduct | 0 | Rocky | 58 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:41 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Parliament will vote next Wednesday on the draft law on public holidays | 0 | Rocky | 46 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:36 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | The Minister of Justice discusses Iraq's report on the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discr | 0 | Rocky | 49 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:35 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Al-Fateh: The current parliamentary session did not adhere to the laws | 0 | Rocky | 50 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:34 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Components of the Kurdistan Region issue a statement regarding the decisions of the Federal Court | 0 | Rocky | 52 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:29 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Christian writer: The Federal Court’s decision to reduce component seats is worse than canceling the | 0 | Rocky | 43 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:27 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Deputy: There will be no session soon to elect the Speaker of Parliament | 0 | Rocky | 52 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:20 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Al-Sudani arrives in Tehran to participate in the funeral of the Iranian president and his companion | 0 | Rocky | 46 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Wed 22 May 2024, 4:10 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | An Iraqi court begins electronic work with the systems for issuing legal arguments and divisions | 0 | Rocky | 41 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Tue 21 May 2024, 6:52 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | Minister of Justice Dr. Khaled Shawani chairs the meeting of the National Committee for Writing Inte | 0 | Rocky | 48 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Tue 21 May 2024, 6:39 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | In harmony with the government’s performance...the majority coalition calls for the election of a yo | 0 | Rocky | 47 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Tue 21 May 2024, 5:05 am by Rocky |
![No new posts No new posts](https://2img.net/i/fa/invision/f_norm_no.gif) | | State real estate monitoring indicates 8,250 encroachments on public property | 0 | Rocky | 28 | ![Parliament-GOI 238-71](https://2img.net/u/1717/37/70/54/avatars/238-71.jpg) Tue 21 May 2024, 5:02 am by Rocky |
» Parliamentary Oil Committee reveals details of the Oil and Gas Law and the reason for not legislatin
» Oil and Gas Law.. The Unsolvable Knot
» Abdul Latif attacks Jordan and rejects the Basra-Aqaba pipeline project
» Revealing an agreement for 3 scenarios to decide the position of the Speaker of Parliament
» Parliamentarian reveals reasons for suspending the oil and gas law
» Integrity Commission calls for removing encroachment on 26 properties belonging to the General Compa
» Despite its economic importance, cotton cultivation is suffering in Iraq: Will it disappear?
» Government confirmation: "Ur Gate" contributed to reducing the phenomenon of corruption
» Allocating one trillion dinars for it.. Al-Sudani issues a directive regarding Diwaniya service proj
» Disclosure of the latest developments in the Baghdad Metro project
» Parliamentary Integrity points out observations on the work of some ministers: Pressures brought abo
» Central Bank of Iraq sales exceed one billion dollars in a week
» Parliamentary Oil Committee reveals details of the Oil and Gas Law and the reason for not legislatin
» Electronically.. Trade launches supply operations in Muthanna
» Record number of dollar sales by the Central Bank in a week
» Al-Sudani's advisor: Iraq is in the process of paying off long-term development loans to the World B
» Parliamentary Oil Committee calls for speeding up the legislation of the Oil and Gas Law
» MM&C 7/4/24 Tabaqchali: An Unfolding Structural Economic Transformation in Iraq
» utube 7/4/24 MM&C IQD Updates - Iraqi Dinar - Relations w / Baghdad & Kurdistan - Good - Financial
» Significant decline in oil derivatives exports to Jordan
» MP calls for expulsion of Turkish forces from Iraq
» Al-Salami reveals collecting parliamentary signatures to amend Article 57
» Unveiling a strategic line that supplies electricity to 6 cities in western Nineveh
» Al-Shammari arrives in Karbala to review the mechanism for implementing the Muharram plan
» MP sets timing for deciding on House of Representatives presidency
» Al-Zayer on the deterioration of electricity: failed companies and corrupt contractors
» Iraq ranks 61st globally and 7th in the Arab world among the safest countries in the world
» Will the exchange rate reach 1600 dinars?
» Iraq's lungs are suffering.. Gaseous pollutants increase the incidence of cancer in Basra
» Government plan to raise gasoline production to 35 million liters per day
» Parliamentary Committee announces the establishment of the first water management council.. What wil
» US messages to Iraqi leaders: Dollar cash flow may stop
» Al-Mandlawi: Iraq is keen to involve Polish companies in investment opportunities
» The Iraqi Private Sector and Improving the Investment Environment in the National Development Plan 2
» Dollar exchange rates in local markets.. Learn about them
» How much is Iraq's loan from the IMF?
» Barzani in Baghdad to end Erbil's problems with the center
» Basra pursues land contract fraud
» PM to Barzani: We have made significant progress in building trust
» Baghdad Council threatens to confiscate illegal generators
» Iraqi Creatives Museums and Cultural Centers
» Oil: Gas investment reached 62%
» Barzani in Baghdad
» Private universities and the labor market
» Experts expect the money supply to invest in stocks
» Stock market trading exceeds 281 billion shares
» Extensive government measures to curb the “madness” of housing unit prices
» World Bank: Iraq is among the middle-income countries
» Experts praise agricultural policies and call for supporting farmers
» In response to an appeal via "Baghdad Today", Al-Badran adopts adding a district to the project plan
» The Central Bank in Erbil debunks fears and speculations about the localization of salaries in the r
» Iraqi innovation turns plastic waste into electricity fuel
» Withdrawing advances "without the employees' knowledge".. Maysan Education threatens Rafidain Bank
» Iraq begins establishing first water management council
» Drought in Kurdistan reaches 'dangerous' stages, residents overuse groundwater
» Due to the "assessment exam", a minister fails the final exams at a private university
» Al-Samarrai appreciates the efforts of the Fiqh Council: Its moderate discourse completes the consti
» Al-Sudani expresses to Starmer his aspiration for the continuation of bilateral relations between Ir
» The Central Bank explains the mechanism for travelers to obtain dollars
» Will Iraq witness a new displacement?
» Holiday in the region on the occasion of the first of Muharram
» Al-Hakim warns of new targeting of Iraq and directs an invitation to the government regarding electr
» Sudanese to new British PM: Support international peace
» The President of the Republic congratulates the new Iranian President
» Find out the dollar exchange rate in local markets
» MP: Parliament did not perform its supervisory role over the executive authority
» Development Road.. Formation of a government committee for this file
» MM&C 7/4/24 Official: Iraq's accession to the World Trade Organization is imminent
» utube 7/2/24 MM&C IQD Update Part 2 - Iraqi Dinar - Automation for Revenues - Singapore Agreement
» utube 7/2/24 MM&C part 1 Iraqi DinarPart 1 - IQD Update - Progession of Intergr
» Slight increase in inflation rate for last May
» The President of the Republic stresses the importance of expanding the horizons of cooperation and a
» Border outlets announce the completion of the first phase of network connectivity by 100 percent
» Transparency: Sulaymaniyah and Halabja imports during the past week amounted to more than 17 billion
» MM&C 7/2/24 The dollar in the parallel market.. Al-Sudani’s advisor presents a different vision and
» Between Development and Silk... American-Chinese Conflict on the Iraqi Arena
» In the oil fields...gas flaring rates in Iraq are decreasing
» Iraq's North Oil Company production rises to about 400,000 barrels per day
» Al-Sudani: Iraq is witnessing the highest growth rate in the region
» In numbers.. Numbers of those covered by health insurance in its first and second phases
» Planning: Alternatives to slums will be found based on population census.
» Parliamentary Committee to Al-Eqtisad News: The Oil and Gas Law is Almost Complete, and This is What
» Central Bank: Delivery of dollars to travelers will be exclusively through company and bank outlets
» Electricity announces the operation of the (400 kv) line and the Al-Faw secondary station to relieve
» Government source announces the amount of debts collected for the benefit of the Trade Bank of Iraq
» To stop greed and exploitation.. the work of private generators on the parliament's table
» An "important" reason reduces citizens' interest in buying northern cars
» Water Resources: Water storage has tripled
» Daily.. North Oil Company's production increases to about 400 thousand barrels
» Parliamentary Electricity Committee prepares for "a series of hostings".. What is the reason for gen
» In response to an appeal via "Baghdad Today", Al-Badran adopts adding a district to the project plan
» Sweden takes action after three of its citizens sentenced to death in Iraq
» Iraq prepares to declare itself pollution-free
» Parliamentary Finance: The Staff Law will be passed in the next legislative session
» Iran looks with interest at President Barzani's visit to Baghdad, Turkey supports resolving Iraqi co
» Marwan Ahmed: 75,000 employees in Erbil will receive their salaries this month via (My Account)
» Parliamentary Services Reveals the “Optimal Solution” to Control Real Estate Prices
» President Barzani and Maliki discuss mechanisms for cooperation with the parties of the framework an